负压微波处理钛酸钡负载羊毛纤维

裴佳慧　占镠祥　陈霞　李毓陵　王妮

摘 要：为实现微波对羊毛鳞片尖端的精准作用，根据微波辐射的选择性加热规律，选择介电损耗因数远高于羊毛纤维的纳米钛酸钡颗粒，利用超声波震荡将其负载在羊毛鳞片尖端翘角内，以吸收大部分微波辐射能。结果表明：40 kHz超声波在40 ℃预处理40 min时对羊毛纤维的损伤最小，由于超声波震荡作用，羊毛纤维表面缝隙内负载纳米钛酸钡颗粒，再经微波处理后的羊毛纤维鳞片尖端钝化，定向静摩擦效应降低了38.8%，定向动摩擦效应降低了61.8%，断裂强度与断裂伸长率与未处理羊毛基本相同，有效降低了微波对羊毛纤维力学性能的负面影响。此外，扫描电镜和红外光谱显示，40 kHz超声波在40 ℃清洗40 min，可将纳米钛酸钡颗粒完全清除，不影响纤维后续加工和应用。

关键词：钛酸钡;微波;羊毛;鳞片改性;超声波;负压微波

中图分类号：TS190.5

文献标志码：A

文章编号：1009-265X（2021）05-0103-07

Negative Pressure Microwave Treatment of Wool Fiber Loaded with Barium Titanate

PEI Jiahui， ZHAN Liuxiang， CHEN Xia， LI Yuling， WANG Ni

（a.College of Textiles; b.Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology of Ministry of Education，Donghua University， Shanghai 201620， China）

Abstract： In order to achieve the precise effect of microwave on the tips of wool scales， according to the selective heating rule of microwave radiation， nano barium titanate particles whose dielectric dissipation factor was much higher than that of wool fiber were selected and loaded into the protruding tips of wool scales by means of ultrasonic vibration， to absorb most of the microwave radiation energy. The results show that the damage to wool fiber is the lowest when it is pretreated by 40 kHz ultrasonic wave at 40 ℃ for 40 min. Due to the effect of ultrasonic vibration， nano barium titanate particles are loaded in the gap on the surface of wool fiber. After microwave treatment， the tips of wool fiber scales are passivated. The directional static friction effect is reduced by 38.8%， and the directional dynamic friction effect is reduced by 61.8%. The breaking strength and elongation at break of the sample is similar to those of the untreated wool. The negative effect of microwave on the mechanical properties of wool fibers is effectively reduced. In addition， scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy show that the nano barium titanate particles can be completely eliminated by cleaning with 40 kHz ultrasonic wave at 40 ℃ for 40 min， without affecting the subsequent processing and application of wool fibers.

Key words： BaTiO3; microwave; wool; scale modification; ultrasonic vibratio; negative pressure microwave

片層的存在是羊毛纤维差微摩擦效应的根本原因，使羊毛出现毡缩现象。另外，鳞片层的存在使羊毛纤维进行染色时染液不易润湿，阻碍了染料的吸附和扩散，使羊毛难以上染[1]。目前处理羊毛纤维表面鳞片的方案有超声波法[2]、微波法[3]、等离子体法[4]、电晕放电法[5]等物理手段，以及氧化法[6]、氯化法[7]、生物酶[8-9]等化学及生物化学方法，将以上物理方法与化学方法叠加组合，可有效去除羊毛鳞片[10]。然而，羊毛纤维耐碱性与耐强酸性较差，多数有机溶剂会对羊毛纤维产生损坏。另外利用化学试剂去除羊毛鳞片会导致纤维内部结构破坏，影响纤维的物理机械性能。……