凉州区作物水肥一体化技术应用的适宜区域评价

徐喜俊 王祎

摘要：运用农业生产相关数据，链接研究区测土配方项目成果工作空间数据库，选定肥、水为评价因子，构建评价层次模型，拟合隶属函数，对凉州区水肥一体化适宜性区域进行评价研究。结果表明，高度适宜区域、适宜区域、勉强适宜区域对应的IFI得分区间分别为0.760 0～1.000 0、0.700 2～0.760 0、0～0.700 2，总的评价面积为146 732.80 hm2。其中高度适宜等级面积29 495.88 hm2，占耕地面积的20.1%;适宜等级面积103 158.92 hm2，占耕地面积70.3%;勉强适宜等级面积14 078.00 hm2，占耕地面积9.6%。表明区内耕地地力平衡，农田管理水平高，土壤水分供应有保障，水肥一体化适宜区域面积大，占总评价耕地面积的90.4%，可大力示范推广水肥一体化技术。

关键词：水肥一体化;适宜性;区域评价;凉州区

中图分类号：S147.2;S275.6  文献标志码：A  文章编号：1001-1463（2021）09-0051-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2021.09.012

Evaluation of Suitable Region for Application of Water and Fertilizer Integrated Technology for Crops in Liangzhou District

XU Xijun  WANG Yi

（Liangzhou District Agricultural and Technology Extension Center， Wuwei Gansu 733000， China）

Abstract：By using the related data of agricultural production， linking the workspace database of soil testing formula project results in the research area， selecting fertilizer and water as evaluation factors， constructing the evaluation hierarchy model， fitting the membership function， evaluating the suitability area of water and fertilizer integration in Liangzhou District. The results showed that the IFI score ranges of highly suitable area， suitable area and barely suitable area were 0.760 0～1.000 0， 0.700 2～0.760 0 and 0 ～ 0.700 2， respectively， and the total evaluation area was 146 732.80 hm2. Among them，the area of highly suitable grade was 29 495.88 hm2， accounting for 20.1% of the arable land;the suitable grade area was 103 158.92 hm2， accounting for 70.3%; the area of barely suitable grade was 14 078.00 hm2， accounting for 9.6%. It indicated that the cultivated land fertility was balanced， the management level of farmland was high， the supply of soil water was guaranteed， the integration of water and fertilizer was suitable for large area， accounting for 90.4% of the total cultivated land area， and the technology could be vigorously demonstrated and promoted.

Key words：Integration of water and fertilizer;Suitability;Regional evaluation;Liangzhou district

水肥一體化即在农作物生长发育期间，通过管网系统同时将水分、肥料元素按照适宜比例输送至作物吸收，特点是投入的水肥同步管理与高效利用，能够有效减轻地下水体等环境的污染与破坏，为近年农业农村部大力提倡推广的农业技术之一。

王立革等[1 ]黄瓜上应用水肥一体化技术，较之常规技术可提高表层土壤C/N比以及增产;不同滴灌水肥一体化处理对柑橘产量影响显著[2 ]。同时有研究表明，水肥一体技术同时达到养分和水分在时空上的耦合，可以按照作物的生育长势和需水需肥规律控制肥水配比，一定程度上改善农业生产中水肥供应不协调的弊端，极大地提高水肥利用率[3 - 6 ]。

我国自20世纪70年代初便起步发展水肥一体化滴灌技术[4 - 5 ]，但起步缓慢，推广较迟，仅局限于干旱、半干旱地区[6 - 8 ]。……