小陇山林区落叶松人工林主要有害生物及综合防治

2021-09-28 09:14:42汤春梅杨庆森
甘肃农业科技 2021年9期

汤春梅 杨庆森

摘要:调查发现危害小陇山林区落叶松人工林较严重林业的有害生物有4种,分别为落叶松早期落叶病(Mycosphaerella larici-leptolepis Ito.Sato et Oda. )、落葉松枯梢病[Botryosphearia laricina (K.Sawada)]、落叶松叶蜂[Pristiphora erichsonii (Hartig)]和落叶松球蚜(Adelges laricis  Vallot)。 根据它们的发生与为害特点,提出了生态控制、药剂防治、物理防治、生物防治等综合防治措施。

关键词:落叶松;人工林;有害生物;防治措施

中图分类号:S 791.22     文献标志码:B      文章编号:1001-1463(2021)09-0090-03

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2021.09.019

Review on Research and Development of Metominostrobin

XU Ying 1, 2,GAO Deliang 1, LIU Dingrong 1, XU Nana 1, ZHU Qinqin 1, SONG Huawen 1,LIU Yu 1, ZHUANG Zhanxing 1

(1. Key Laboratory for Chemical Pesticide of Shandong Province, Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Pesticides, Jinan Shandong 250033, China; 2. Shandong Xiangfeng seed industry Limited liability company,Jiaxiang Shandong 272000, China)

Abstract:Metominostrobin was successfully developed by Shionogi & Co., Ltd.. It was registered in Japan in 1993 and listed in 1999. It has become an excellent fungicide for the control of rice blast.Phenoxystrobin is a methoxyacrylate fungicide and mitochondrial respiratory inhibitor.It is effective for strains resistant to 14-demethylase inhibitors, benzamides, dicarboxyamides and benzimidazoles, and has the activities of protection, treatment, eradication, penetration and absorption.Suitable crops for rice, rice blast control has a special effect, but also used to control soybean rust. In this paper, the discovery, physical and chemical properties, synthetic routes, analytical methods, application status, sterilization mechanism, drug resistance and safety of metominostrobin were reviewed,  and its development prospects were prospected.

Key words:Metominostrobin;Research and development;Prospect;Review

小陇山林区位于甘肃省东南部,总经营面积达82.4万hm2,辖区有23个林场、单位,目前实施天然林保护工程,是一个受人为活动干扰少的良好的自然生态系统,林区植物资源丰富,为典型的天然次生林。据《甘肃省小陇山植物志》记载[1 ],分布有各类木本植物86科224属800多种、草本植物158科726属1 900多种。近年来,随着生态建设的持续推进和天然林保护工程的实施,小陇山林区人工林面积不断增大,到2020年各类人工林7.0万余hm2,其中落叶松人工林面积近3.0万hm2。

由于人工林内物种单一,自身抗逆能力相对较弱,遭受有害生物危害的情况日益突出,特别是大面积的落叶松人工纯林,为各类林业有害生物提供了丰富的食物资源和适宜的生存环境,有害生物灾害频发,对林区建设以及森林生态环境的稳定造成了严重影响。对落叶松有害生物的防治,以往多采用化学农药为主的防治方法,方法单一,连年防治连年发生、防治成本居高不下的不利局面长期难以改变[2 - 4 ]。

1   主要有害生物种类

调查显示,近年来小陇山林区落叶松人工林遭受有害生物为害的面积达8 000 hm2,其中成灾面积2 000 hm2。……

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