刘社平 焦永德
摘要:依据陇南市气候环境条件及冬油菜生产实践,通过多年试验、示范,从适用范围、规范性引用文件、产品目标、栽培技术等方面规范了陇南市冬油菜高产栽培技术。
关键词:双低冬油菜;高产栽培;规程;陇南市
中图分类号:S565.4 文献标志码:B 文章编号:1001-1463(2021)09-0084-04
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2021.09.017
Situation of Grain Production in Gansu Province and Countermeasures for Grain Security in New Period
TANG Yingfang, LI Hongxia, LIU Jinhui, WANG Jianlian, MA Lirong
(Institute of Agricultural Economics and Information, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou Gansu 730070, China)
Abstract:Based on the data of grain production in Gansu Province from 2010 to 2019, the application of statistical analysis, from the total grain production, structure of grain cultivar, production capacity of regional food of Gansu Province grain production situation, from the cultivated land resources, water resources, ecological environment, natural disasters and technical reserve analysis of grain production conditions, to study the challenges and problems of green and high-quality grain development in Gansu province in the new period, and put forward the new period of Gansu Province grain development countermeasures and suggestions: the implementation of the “hidden the ground in the ground” strategy, stable grain sown area;Implement the strategy of “hidden the ground in technology” and seek for technological breakthrough and promotion of grain production;Optimize the distribution of grain regions and varieties to increase the effective supply of high-quality green food;Strengthen administrative promotion and financial support;We will strengthen our macro-control capacity and attach importance to the construction of a food emergency security system
Key words:Grain production;Food safety;New Period;Gansu Province
油菜是甘肅省的主要油料作物和经济作物之一[1 ],常年播种面积保持在16.0万hm2左右,平均产量为2 205.04 kg/hm2,高于全国平均单产水平[2 ]。甘肃省冬油菜种植区域主要分布在天水、陇南、庆阳、平凉等地,且以白菜型冬油菜为主[3 ]。油菜是陇南市主要的油料作物和生态作物,是当地食用植物油的主要来源,常年播种面积保持在2.4万hm2左右,其中冬油菜播种面积约2.1万hm2,平均单产2 250.00 kg/hm2左右。冬油菜的产量和含油量都高于同类型的胡麻和春油菜等其他油料作物[4 ],其菜籽榨油后的饼粕含蛋白质40%以上,是优质饲料和人类食用蛋白质的重要来源。冬油菜在轮作中占有重要的地位,是很多谷类作物和经济作物的好前茬,现已成为陇南市巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果与乡村振兴衔接和农民增收致富的有效措施。因此,冬油菜生产在当前陇南市供给侧结构性改革,确保粮油安全,改善和提高人民水平占有相当重要的位置。我们依据陇南市气候环境条件及冬油菜生产情况,通过研究分析多年市、县(区)农技推广部门在试验、示范、推广冬油菜高产高效栽培技术措施的基础上,总结提炼归纳出一套比较科学完整的技术规程,用于指导陇南市冬油菜生产实现高产高效。……