李和帅 张照华 王富有 杨慰农 唐龙祥 吴翼 杨力颖 范海阔



摘要调查了云南省干热河谷地区玉溪市元江哈尼族彝族傣族自治县(以下简称元江县)、红河哈尼族彝族自治州河口瑶族自治县(以下简称河口县)的椰子分布和生长状况,发现这2个县境内均有椰子生长,而且长势较好;查阅相关文献可知,元江县、河口县海拔500 m 以下地区的气候、环境完全适合椰子生长;并提出椰子产业化发展建议,以期为政府及相关企事业单位提供参考。
关键词干热河谷地区;椰子;种质资源;适应性;调查
中图分类号 S322.1 文献标识码 A DOI:10.12008/j.issn.1009-2196.2021.12.006
A Survey of Coconut Germplasm Resources and Their Adaptability in Yuanjiang County and Hekou County, the Dry-hot Valley Areas of Yunnan Province
LI Heshuai1) ZHANG Zhaohua1) WANG Fuyou1) YANG Weinong2) TANG Longxiang1) WU Yi1) YANG Liying2) FAN Haikuo1)
(1 Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Coconut Sub-Center of National Engineering Center for Tropical Crops, Wenchang, Hainan 571339, China;
2 Yunnan Xinxing Greening Engineering Co., LTD., Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China)
Abstract A survey of distribution and growth of coconuts was made in Yuanjiang Hani, YI and Dai Autonomous County (hereinafter referred to as Yuanjiang County), Yuxi City, and Hekou Yao Autonomous County (hereinafter referred to as Hekou County), Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture in the dry- hot valley region of Yunnan Province. The survey found that coconuts are growing well in both the counties. The climate and environment below 500m above sea level in Yuanjiang County and Hekou County are fully suitable for the growth of coconut. Some suggestions on the development of coconut industry are also put forward in order to provide reference for the government, related enterprises and institutions of interest. Keywords dry-hot valley region ; coconut ; germplasm resources ; adaptability ; survey
椰子( Cocosnucifera L.)为单子叶植物,是棕榈科中重要的一个属,染色体2n=32,多年生常绿乔木,是热带地区的象征树。高种椰子树高达20 m,矮种椰子树高达8~10 m,经济寿命40~80 a,自然寿命长达100多年。正常情况下树冠为半球型[1]。
椰子是热带地区重要的木本油料作物和食品能源作物,是海南省的主要经济作物之一[1]。联合国粮农组织( FAO)把椰子种植视为解决热带地区人民对蛋白质、脂肪和能源需要及增加农民就业机会、帮助农民脱贫致富的重要途径[2]。椰子全身都是宝,素有“宝树”之称,其中椰子水是一种可口的清凉饮料,可以鲜饮,也可加工成饮料、作医疗用,而且还是很好的组织培养促进剂;未熟果肉可作为热带水果食用,成熟的椰肉可加工成各种糖果、糕点、小吃,含脂肪达70%,可榨油;从椰肉中榨出的椰子油不仅可作食用油,还可以广泛用于制作高級肥皂、洗发精、化妆品等;椰壳可作各种器皿和工艺品,也可用于制活性炭;椰纤维可制毛刷、地毯、缆绳、纤维垫等;树干可作建筑材料,叶子可用于盖屋顶或编织,根可入药[1,3]。……