杨洁 刁兴旺 徐志豪 詹儒林


摘 要:桔小实蝇在湛江热带作物水果上发生严重,本研究调查了芒果园的桔小实蝇种群周年发生动态。研究结果表明桔小实蝇在湛江全年性发生,成虫种群增长呈单峰型,7—8月达到爆发高峰期,10月呈现下降趋势,12月—次年3月达到全年最低水平,4—5月数量明显回升。对芒果园桔小实蝇种群数量、周边寄主植物的种类以及数量,日平均气温、日平均相对湿度进行了相关性分析,结果显示,桔小实蝇种群数量与寄主植物数量呈正相关,达到极显著水平(0.01)。
关键词:桔小实蝇;种群动态环境因子;相关性分析
中图分类号:Q969.456.8 文献标识码:A DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.09.013
Population Dynamics and the Correlation with Environmental Factors of Bactrocera dorsalis(Diptera: Tephritidae) in Mangos in Zhanjiang
YANG Jie1, DIAO Xingwang2, XU Zhihao3, ZHAN Rulin4
(1.Zhanjiang Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524013,China; 2.Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088,China;3. Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228,China;4.Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572024,China)
Abstract: Bactrocera dorsalis outbreak severe in tropical fruit crop in Zhanjiang. Annual monitoringwas conducted on the population dynamics of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis(Diptera: Tephritidae) all year in Zhanjiang. The results showed that the oriental fruit fly occurs all year around and the growth of adult population was unimodal.Population reached the peak in July and August,and showed a downward trend in October, and dropped to thelowest level from December to the coming year March, the number picked up obviously from April to May.Correlation analysis was conducted on the population quantity of Bactrocera dorsalis, the species and quantity of surrounding host crops, daily mean temperature and daily mean relative humidity in mangos. It was positively correlated between populationquantity of Bactrocera dorsalis with quantity of surrounding host crops and reached a significant level.
Key words: Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel; population dynamics; correlation analysis
桔小實蝇(Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel)属于双翅目(Diptera),实蝇科(Trypetidae),寡毛实蝇亚科(Dacinae),果实蝇属(Bactrocera),又名东方果实蝇。在我国主要分布于西南地区、华南地区和台湾,寄主广泛,为害250多种寄主植物,尤以芒果,番石榴,杨桃,枇杷,番荔枝,柠檬,葡萄、蜜柚,无花果,杏,柿,番茄,茄子,辣椒等热带水果和蔬菜为主[1-2]。成虫在果实快要成熟期,用尾针刺破果实表皮产卵,幼虫孵化后取食寄主组织,引起果实腐烂、落果,造成严重的经济损失,在很多国家被列为检疫害虫。桔小实蝇通常一年发生3~5代,极适应环境条件下,一年甚至发生10代,华南地区由于气候原因每年发生9~12代,无明显的越冬现象,田间世代发生叠置[3]。湛江地处北回归线以南,属于热带北缘季风气候,终年受海洋气候影响,年平均气温在22.7 ℃~23.5 ℃。年平均雨量1 395.5~1 723.1 mm。4—9月为多雨季节,8月雨量最多;10月—次年3月雨量较少[4]。……