适用于北京地区景观农业应用的赏茶兼用型菊花品种筛选研究

杨林 顾钊宇 时祥云 祁俊锋

摘    要：菊花具有良好的產业融合潜力，在景观农业建设中应用日益广泛，但目前存在种性退化、抗性降低、观赏性较差等问题。为筛选出适用北京地区景观农业应用的赏茶兼用型菊花品种，本试验引进6 个菊花品种（‘中农夏妆、‘雪映霞光、‘中农杏芳、‘太行皇菊、‘黄山贡菊和‘徽州黄菊），以‘玉台为对照，采用单因素随机区组方法开展田间观测，对物候期进行记录，对株高、冠幅、产量构成及绿原酸含量指标进行测定与分析。结果表明，‘雪映霞光和‘中农杏芳在观赏性及适应性等方面综合表现较好，头状花序产量分别为27 984.60，26 575.50 kg·hm-2，较对照品种‘玉台分别增产159%，146%，差异显著（P<0.05），其中‘中农杏芳绿原酸含量与对照品种‘玉台相当，可以作为未来北京地区的赏茶兼用菊花品种推广种植。

关键词：赏茶兼用型菊花;景观农业;品种筛选

中图分类号：S682.1+1             文献标识码：A             DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.09.019

Research on Variety Screening of Chrysanthemum for Ornamental and Tea Based on the Application in Farmland Landscape in Beijing Area

YANG Lin1， GU Yuzhuo2， SHI Xiangyun3， QI Junfeng4

（1.Beijing Agricultural Technology Extension Station， Beijing 100029， China; 2.China Agricultural University， Beijing 100193， China; 3.Yanqing Agricultural Technology Extension Station， Beijing 102100， China; 4. Beijing lvfu-long Agriculture Co. Ltd.， Beijing 102100， China）

Abstract：Chrysanthemum has good industrial integration potential and has been widely used in landscape agriculture construction. However， there are some problems such as species degradation， resistance reduction and poor ornamental quality etc.. In order to screen the suitable chrysanthemum varieties for both ornamental and tea in farmland landscape in Beijing area， the experiment was conducted with six introducing 6 chrysanthemum varieties， which included 'Zhongnongxiazhuang'， 'Xueyingxiaguang'， 'Zhongnongxingfang'， 'Taihanghuangju'， 'Huangshangongju'， and 'Huizhouhuangju'， the variety of 'Yutai' was as the control，  the field observation was carried out by single factor random block method， phenological period was recorded， and plant height， crown width， yield composition and chlorogenic acid content were measured and analyzed. The results showed that the comprehensive performance including ornamental value and adaptability of 'Xueyingxiaguang' and 'Zhongnongxingfang' were better than the other introducing varieties， and the yield reached 27 984.60， 26 575.50 kg·hm-2 respectively， which increased by 159%， 146% compared to the control variety （P<0.05）. Also， the chlorogenic acid content of 'Zhongnongxingfang' was similar with that of the control variety， so it could be recommended as main popularized chrysanthemum variety for ornamental and tea in farmland landscape construction in Beijing area.

Key words： chrysanthemum for ornamental and tea; farmland landscape; variety screening

·園林绿化

2021，27（9）：87-90

菊花（Chrysanthemum morifolium）为菊科菊属多年生宿根植物，是中国十大传统名花之一[1]。菊花起源于中国，品种繁多，栽培历史悠久，在我国已有1 600年以上的可考栽培历史[2]。同时菊花作为一种药食同源植物，兼具药用、食用及茶用价值，在我国具有悠久的食用及茶用历史[3]。因菊花含有较高的绿原酸及黄酮类化合物等有效成分[4]，被证实具有抗氧化、调节免疫、抑菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤等诸多有益功效，是公认的保健型植物[5]。传统上作为代茶饮用的菊花主要来源于药用菊花[6]。中国药典共收载了杭菊、贡菊、滁菊、亳菊、怀菊5种地方性药菊[7]，其中杭菊和贡菊是传统上作为代茶饮的主要种类[8]。近年来，我国景观休闲农业产业得到了迅猛发展，茶用菊花作为一类产业融合性优异的特色经济作物在多地发展势头良好[9-10]。……