美国大学篮球训练实践探究：理念、特征与启示

周亚辉 万发达 景怀国

摘      要：美国大学是美国竞技篮球后备人才的主要培养渠道，也是体教融合的成功典范。采用文献资料、实地考察、专家访谈等研究方法，对美国大学篮球训练实践的理念和特征予以探究，旨在深化我国教练员对篮球项目致胜规律的认识，提升我国大学篮球训练的质量和效率，助推体教融合发展。研究表明，美国大学篮球训练实践理念的先进性主要体现在：经验训练与科学训练相结合，提升训练层次和水平;有序训练与无序训练相结合，有效提升运动员的决策能力;以实战为出发点，使训练回归比赛的真实场景。其训练实践具有热身个性化，注重实效性，手段多、变换快、间歇短，严格时空管理、评价精细化的特征。我国大学篮球教练员要对美国篮球先进训练理念进行深入挖掘，重视无序训练和科学訓练，在实践中突出实效，注重细节，抓好练习之间的衔接。

关  键  词：竞赛与训练;美国大学篮球;竞技篮球后备人才;体教融合

中图分类号：G841    文献标志码：A    文章编号：1006-7116（2021）05-0132-06

Practical exploration on basketball training of American university：

Concepts， characteristics and enlightenment

ZHOU Ya-hui¹，WAN Fa-da²，JING Huai-guo³

（1.Department of Physical Education，Guangdong Pharmaceutical University，Guangzhou 510006，China;

2.School of Physical Education，South China University of Technology，Guangzhou 510641，China;

3.Department of Physical Education，Guangdong University of Technology，Guangzhou 510006，China）

Abstract： American university is the main training channel of American competitive basketball reserve talents， which is also a successful model of "integration of physical education ad cultural education". By using the methods of literature， field investigation and expert interview， this paper explores the characteristics and concepts of the practical training of basketball in American universities， aiming to deepen the understanding of the winning rules of basketball matches for our coaches and improve the quality and efficiency of basketball training in Chinese universities. The research shows that the advanced nature of practical training concept of basketball in American universities is mainly reflected as follows： the combination of experience training and scientific training， to enhance training layer and level; ordered training combining with disordered training， to effectively improving athletes' decision-making ability; focus on actual combat， to make training return to the real scene of competition; and the practical training has the following characteristics such as individualized warm-up training， outstanding effectiveness of training， multiple training means， fast transformation， short interval， strict management of time and space， and the exquisite evaluation. University basketball coaches in China should deeply explore the advanced training concepts of American basketball， attach importance on disordered training and scientific training， highlight the actual effect in practice， pay attention to details and strictly conduct the connection among practice.

Keywords： competition and training;basketball in American university;competitive baskeball reserve talents;integration of physical education and cultural education

美国大学篮球是职业篮球的摇篮，从中涌现出了乔丹、邓肯、杜兰特、库里等国际著名篮球运动员^[1]。无数优秀球员经过大学阶段的培养和磨炼进入了职业联赛，甚至入选国家队，是美国篮球长期处于国际领先水准的有力保障^[2]。在美国，民众对大学篮球的关注度远远超过NBA，其对篮球运动员的培养理念、模式与机制已得到世界的广泛认可^[3]，是“体教融合”的成功典范。……