兰政
摘 要:借助历史资料,通过文献梳理、逻辑推理、归纳总结,回顾与评析我国学生体质测试的发展进程。研究发现我国学生体质测试缘起于旧中国的体格测验和新中国成立初期学习苏联的“劳卫制”。在重要阶段和关键节点的作用下,我国学生体质测试的发展呈现出“分班选优救国,锻炼保家卫国,体质教育兴国,健康全面强国”的阶段特色,学生体质测试历程与国家发展息息相关,铸就中国特色的学生体质测试。未来应深化体医结合,助力国家建设,完善法律法规,保障体质测试顺利开展。
关 键 词:学校体育;学生体质测试;体格测验;体育锻炼;体质健康
中图分类号:G807 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-7116(2021)05-0120-05
Review and analysis of the development on students' physical fitness test in China
LAN Zheng
(School of Physical Education,Guangxi Sports College,Nanning 530012,China)
Abstract: With the help of historical documents, and through literature review, logical reasoning, induction and summary, the development process of students physical test in China is reviewed and analyzed. It is found that the physical fitness test of Chinese students originates from the physical test in old China and the study from the former Soviet Union's "labor and health system" in the early days of the founding of the new China. Under the effect of key nodes and important stages, its development presents the stage characteristics including "selecting the best in class to save the country, keeping exercise to protect the country, flourishing the country by physical education, and strengthening the country via a healthy and comprehensive way". It is closely related to the national development and the course of the students' physique test. In the future, in order to form the students physical test with Chinese characteristics, we should deepen the combination of medicine and sports and help the national construction, and improve the laws and regulations, as well as ensure own development ourselves.
Keywords: school physical education;students physical fitness test;physical examination;physical exercise;physical fitness
21世紀以来的人类社会,比以往任何时候都有更强烈重新认识文化历史的诉求[1]。本研究借助历史资料,通过文献梳理、逻辑推理、归纳总结等方法,试图在客观、全面陈述我国学生体质测试历史的基础上,剖析我国学生体质测试的缘起与发展历程,以及各阶段的历史背景、具体做法、特征和价值,提炼我国学生体质测试的阶段特色并展望未来的发展。
1 我国学生体质测试的源起
早在1880—1900年间,美国学者萨特金在人体可测量与可计算理念的启发下,制定广受国民欢迎的“体力测验法”。1898年日本启动全国性的青少年学生生长发育与体力调查,到1912年德国制订“德国国民体育奖章”。与此同时,在一大批热衷传播西学的学者带动下,自然科学、实用科学在我国得以传播[2]。……