哈茨木霉拌种对冬小麦生长、土传病害及根际真菌群落的影响

扈进冬 杨在东 吴远征 魏艳丽 杨合同 卢德鹏 李纪顺

摘要 為了明确哈茨木霉LTR-2拌种处理冬小麦的田间效果，为木霉拌种剂的推广应用提供依据，本试验于2016年-2018年连续3年，研究了哈茨木霉LTR-2拌种对小麦出苗率、幼苗生长、小麦纹枯病和茎基腐病发生情况和产量的影响，通过高通量测序和FUNGuild预测分析了木霉拌种对小麦根际土壤中真菌群落组成的影响。结果表明，哈茨木霉LTR-2拌种可以提高小麦的出苗率和冬前分蘖数;对小麦纹枯病的平均防效60%以上;对小麦茎基腐病的平均防效65%以上，优于6%戊唑醇悬浮种衣剂;与不拌种对照相比，哈茨木霉LTR-2拌种处理增产4.3%～634%，增产效果略高于6%戊唑醇悬浮种衣剂;木霉拌种可以降低小麦根际土壤中病原真菌的相对丰度，特别是土壤中镰孢属真菌的相对丰度。因此，哈茨木霉LTR-2可以作为化学拌种剂的绿色替代产品用于小麦生产。

关键词 哈茨木霉; 拌种; 冬小麦; 根际真菌群落

中图分类号： S 473

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2020409

Effects of seed dressing treatment with Trichoderma harzianum on the growth of winter wheat seedlings， soil borne diseases and rhizosphere fungal community

HU Jindong1， YANG Zaidong2， WU Yuanzheng1， WEI Yanli1， YANG Hetong1， LU Depeng3， LI Jishun1*

（1. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology， Institute of Ecology， Qilu University of Technology

（Shandong Academy of Sciences）， Jinan 250103， China; 2. Shandong Luyan Quality Breeds Co.， Ltd.，

Jinan 250100， China;  3. Shandong Tenov Pesticides Co.， Ltd.， Weifang 262200， China）

Abstract

This study aimed to verify the field effects of seed dressing treatment with Trichoderma harzianum LTR-2 on winter wheat， and provide a basis for the promotion and application of Trichoderma seed dressing agents. The effects on wheat emergence rate and seedling growth， the incidence of wheat sharp eyespot and crown rot and yield were studied for three consecutive years from 2016 to 2018 after T.harzianum LTR-2 seed dressing treatment. At the same time， high-throughput sequencing and FUNGuild were used to analyze the fungal communities in rhizosphere soil of wheat between T.harzianum LTR-2 seed dressing and the control. The results showed that T.harzianum LTR-2 seed dressing could increase wheat emergence rate and tiller number before winter. The average control effects reached over 60% against wheat sharp eyespot， and over 65% against crown rot， which was better than tebuconazole 6% FSC treatment. Compared with the control， T.harzianum LTR-2 seed dressing treatment increased wheat yield by 4.3%-6.34%， which was also slightly better than tebuconazole 6% FSC treatment. Through the analysis of fungal community， we found that T.harzianum LTR-2 seed dressing could reduce the relative abundance of pathogenic fungi in wheat rhizosphere soil， especially the abundance of Fusarium spp. Therefore， T.harzianum LTR-2 can be used as a good substitute for chemical seed dressing agent in wheat production.

Key words

Trichoderma harzianum; seed dressing; winter wheat; rhizosphere fungal community

种子包衣是促进农作物增产丰收的一种重要技术措施，种子包衣可以防治土传病害和地下害虫，促进植株生长发育，提高作物产量、质量，增加农民收入，是我国重点推广的一项农业高新技术[1-3]。小麦在我国种植面积仅次于水稻，约2 400万hm2，是我国重要的主粮作物[4]。近年来伴随着农业种植制度改革，高产品种的应用推广，耕作方式的变化以及秸秆还田技术的推广应用，土传病害有不断加重的趋势，如纹枯病、茎基腐病等小麦土传病害发生日趋严重，这些病害已经成为影响我国小麦产量和质量的重要因素，尤其是小麦茎基腐病近年来发病率逐年增加，已经成为影响小麦安全生产的主要病害。……