固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用法测定传统酸肉发酵过程中特征挥发性成分

2021-10-12 14:54:01钟嫒嫒陈伟段雨帆蒋佳彦朱霄李珂王远亮
肉类研究 2021年9期
关键词:气相色谱

钟嫒嫒 陈伟 段雨帆 蒋佳彦 朱霄 李珂 王远亮

摘 要:通过固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用仪对鲜肉及发酵10、30、50 d酸肉的挥发性物质进行鉴定,探究传统发酵酸肉中挥发性成分种类及含量变化。结果表明:4 个时期的肉样中共检出106 种挥发性物质,其中酯类32 种、酸类2 种、醇类11 种、醛类16 种、酮类3 种、碳氢化合物29 种及其他类化合物13 种;采用主成分分析、偏最小二乘判别分析酸肉发酵过程中挥发性风味物质的动态变化,发现不同发酵阶段酸肉挥发性物质组成差异显著;基于气味活度值从106 种挥发性成分中筛选出49 种对酸肉整体风味具有重要贡献的物质,除碳氢类化合物主要促进鲜肉风味形成外,癸酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯等酯类物质,庚醇、1-壬醇等醇类,(E)-2-庚烯醛、壬醛等醛类物质均为传统发酵酸肉的主体风味物质。

关键词:酸肉;挥发性物质;气味活度值;主成分分析;固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用

Determination of Changes in Key Volatiles during Sour Meat Fermentation by Solid-Phase Microextraction

Coupled with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

ZHONG Aiai, CHEN Wei, DUAN Yufan, JIANG Jiayan, ZHU Xiao, LI Ke, WANG Yuanliang*

(College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China)

Abstract: The volatile compounds in fresh pork meat and sour meat fermented for 10, 30 and 50 days were identified by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to explore the changes in the types and contents of volatile components during the fermentation process. The results showed that a total of 106 volatiles were identified from the four samples: 32 esters, 2 acids, 11 alcohols, 16 aldehydes, 3 ketones, 29 hydrocarbons and 13 other compounds. The dynamic changes of volatile compounds during the fermentation process were investigated by principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), revealing significant differences in the volatile composition of sour meat among different fermentation stages. Based on the odor activity value (OAV), 49 of the 106 volatile components contributed significantly to the overall flavor of sour meat. Hydrocarbons mainly contributed to the formation of fresh meat flavor, while ethyl esters such as ethyl decanoate, ethyl butyrate and ethyl octanoate, alcohols such as heptanol and 1-nonanol, and aldehydes such as (E)-2-heptenal and nonanal were the main flavor compounds of sour meat.

Keywords: sour meat; volatile substances; odor activity values; principal component analysis; solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20210514-132

中圖分类号:TS251.1                                         文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-8123(2021)09-0020-07

引文格式:

钟嫒嫒, 陈伟, 段雨帆, 等. 固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用法测定传统酸肉发酵过程中特征挥发性成分[J]. 肉类研究, 2021, 35(9): 20-26. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20210514-132.    http://www.rlyj.net.cn

ZHONG Aiai, CHEN Wei, DUAN Yufan, et al. Determination of changes in key volatiles during sour meat fermentation by solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[J]. Meat Research, 2021, 35(9): 20-26. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20210514-132.    http://www.rlyj.net.cn

原料肉在一定环境条件下,经过微生物长时间发酵,得到具有较优风味、口感、较长贮藏期的发酵肉制品[1]。一方面,发酵过程中,肉中的蛋白质在微生物及酶的共同作用下产生大量能赋予产品独特风味和营养的氨基酸;另一方面,肉制品本身具有或发酵过程中产生的大量有益微生物通过抑制腐败微生物的生长繁殖及有害物质的产生,使其安全性得到一定提高。……

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