不同机插密度对烟后稻产量和产量构成因素的影响

摘 要：为了探明烟后稻最佳的机插密度，以广8优165为材料，采用单因素随机区组设计，开展不同机插密度对烟后稻生育期、农艺性状、产量和产量构成因素的影响试验。结果表明：机插密度为30 cm×14 cm（处理D）时产量最高，达10152.0 kg·hm2，极显著高于30 cm×21 cm（处理A）、30 cm×18 cm（处理B）、30 cm×12 cm（处理E）。机插密度在15.873～23.805万穴·hm2范围内，随着栽培密度加大单位面积有效穗数显著增加，产量也相应提高，每穴穗数、每穗粒数、千粒重、结实率等因素却呈下降趋势;超出一定范围则栽插过密，就会影响产量提高。

关键词：烟后稻;机插密度;产量;群体结构

中图分类号：S 511   文献标志码：A   文章编号：0253-2301（2021）08-0049-04

DOI： 10.13651/j.cnki.fjnykj.2021.08.008

Effects of Different Mechanical Transplanting Densities on the Yield andYield Components of Rice Planted After Tobacco

CAO Rong-fa

（Center of Agricultural Technology Extension in Zhongsha Town，Ninghua County， Fujian， Sanming， Fujian 365400， China）

Abstract： In order to find the best mechanical transplanting density of rice planted after tobacco， by taking Guang 8 you 165 as the material， the effects of different mechanical transplanting densities on the growth period， agronomic traits， yield and yield components of rice planted after tobacco were studied by using the single factor random block design. The results showed that the maximum yield was 10152.0 kg·hm2 when the mechanical transplanting density was 30 cm×14 cm （treatment D）， which was significantly higher than that of 30 cm×21 cm （treatment A）， 30 cm×18 cm （treatment B） and 30 cm×12 cm （treatment E）. When the mechanical transplanting density was in the range of 158730-238050 holes·hm2， the number of productive ear per unit area increased significantly with the increase of planting density， and the yield also increased correspondingly， while the number of panicles per hole， the number of grains per panicle， the thousand kernel weight and the setting percentage decreased. If the mechanical transplanting density exceeded a certain range， when being planted too densely， the yield increase would be affected.

Key words： Rice planted after tobacco; Mechanical transplanting density; Yield; Population structure

實践证明选择适宜栽培密度是调节群体结构，有利于健身栽培，降低成本和提高产量的重要措施。不同栽插密度对水稻生长发育和产量都有重要影响，栽插密度过高或过低都不能实现水稻高产[1]。赵海红[1]研究不同插秧密度对水稻产量和产量构成因素的影响认为，采用空育131品种，行距为26 cm、穴距为10 cm、每穴插3株处理的产量最高;由志强[2]研究不同密度、施肥量对水稻农艺性状和经济性状的影响，通35品种在密度为19万丛·hm2时，比较农艺性状和经济性状，效果最优且产量最高;季国华等[3]研究不同机插密度对水稻南粳9108产量的影响，要夺取高产，必须适当增加移栽密度，机插行距为30 cm，株距应控制在13 cm以内，机插25.5万穴·hm2以上。不同土壤、生态环境和品种特性的栽培密度存在较大的差异，针对不同生产季节和气候条件下烟后稻机插，选择适宜的栽培密度是充分发挥个体、优化群体结构、提高产量的关键措施。……