江苏省中华绒螯蟹镉残留现状与健康风险评价

谭秀慧 杨洪生 黄鸿兵 李佳佳 夏莉萍 张秋云 刘畅

摘要：  为评估食用江苏省中华绒螯蟹的健康风险，对江苏省养殖的中华绒螯蟹重金属镉残留进行了调查。于 2018- 2020年的9-10月，在江苏省采集399 份中华绒螯蟹样本，用电感耦合等离子体质谱法对样品中的重金属镉含量进行检测。结果表明：江苏省中华绒螯蟹体内重金属镉含量范围在 0.009 50   mg/kg 至 0.836 00   mg/kg 之间，平均值为 0.151 00   mg/kg ，99.0%的样品满足国家相关标准的限量要求。单因子污染指数分析结果显示，88.5%的样品处于未污染或轻度污染水平。从采集区域的比较结果可以看出，中华绒螯蟹体内镉含量苏北地 区< 苏中地 区< 苏南地区，苏中和苏南地区没有显著差异，而苏北地区与苏中地区、苏南地区存在显著差异。人群膳食风险评估结果表明，正常消费水平下，靶标危害系数值均小于1，江苏省中华绒螯蟹中重金属镉对人体健康造成的影响不明显。

关键词：  中华绒螯蟹; 镉; 风险评價

中图分类号：  O657.63; TS254.7    文献标识码： A    文章编号：  1000-4440（2021）05-1305-05

Cadmium content in  Eriocheir sinensis  in Jiangsu Province and health risk assessment

TAN Xiu-hui  1，2，3 ， YANG Hong-sheng  1，2，3 ， HUANG Hong-bing  1 ， LI Jia-jia  1 ， XIA Li-ping  1，2，3 ， ZHANG Qiu-yun  1，2，3 ， LIU Chang  1，2，3

（1.Freshwater Fishery Research Institute of Jiangsu Province， Nanjing 210017， China; 2.Aquatic Products Analysis and Testing Center of Jiangsu Province， Nanjing 210017， China; 3.Fishery Products Quality Supervision and Testing Center （Nanjing）， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs， Nanjing 210017， China）

Abstract：  In order to conduct human health risk assessment of  Eriocheir sinensis  in Jiangsu province， the residues of cadmium in  Eriocheir sinensis  were investigated. The 399 samples of  Eriocheir sinensis  were collected from September to October in  2018- 2020， and the contents of cadmium in these samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ICP-MS）. The results showed that the content of cadmium ranged from  0.009 50   mg/kg  to  0.836 00   mg/kg ， the average value was  0.151 00   mg/kg ， and 99.0 percents of samples could meet the national limits. In addition， 88.5 percents of samples were recorded at uncontaminated and light pollution levels by using the assessment techniques of single factor index. The analysis of different areas showed that cadmium contents from low to high were northern area， central area and southern area， and there was no significant difference in the content of heavy metal cadmium in  Eriocheir sinensis  cultured in central and southern area. However， the content of cadmium of  Eriocheir sinensis  cultured in central and southern area was significant different from that cultured in northern area. The results of human health risk assessment in the current study suggested that there was a low health risk of consuming cadmium in  Eriocheir sinensis ， because the target hazard quotients were less than one in normal consumption.

Key words：   Eriocheir sinensis ; cadmium; risk assessment

镉（Cd），是一种常见的环境污染物  [1-3] ，毒性大，位居12种全球性危害的化学物质之首，并且可通过食物链传递在水生生物体内产生逐级积累和放大作用。随着工农业的发展，环境中镉污染日趋加重。代静等  [4] 对大明湖表层沉积物重金属含量进行调查发现，Cd含量为背景值的5.20倍，偏中度污染，是综合生态危害指数构成的最主要的金属。赵汉取等  [5] 调查发现浙北地区鱼类养殖池塘表层沉积物中Cd的潜在生态风险系数较高。施宸皓等  [6] 对洞庭湖湿地周围表层土壤重金属污染调查发现 2016- 2018年期间，Cd处于中度污染水平。这些研究结果表明在中国的部分地区存在一定的镉污染，对生态环境和人类健康造成威胁  [7] 。

中华绒螯蟹（ Eriocheir sisensis ）又称为河蟹，是长江中下游地区重要的水产养殖对象。……