马铃薯抗青枯病育种研究进展

肖熙鸥 林文秋 陈卓 金辉 司怀军

摘要：   由茄科雷爾氏菌（ Ralstonia solanacearum ）引起的青枯病是危害马铃薯产业的重要病害，抗病品种的选育与推广是防控马铃薯青枯病最高效、经济的手段。国内外研究人员通过多种方法对马铃薯种质资源进行了青枯病抗性鉴定，结果表明马铃薯四倍体栽培种中缺乏青枯病抗源，但在马铃薯野生种中存在丰富的抗性种质资源。通过远缘杂交、体细胞融合、转基因以及诱变等技术创制了一批抗青枯病资源，为马铃薯新品种选育奠定了良好的基础。针对马铃薯抗青枯病资源缺乏的瓶颈，未来的研究重点应集中在筛选抗青枯病种质资源和通过多种途径创制抗青枯病材料，为马铃薯抗青枯病品种选育奠定基础。同时建立马铃薯青枯病分子标记辅助育种体系，提高抗青枯病品种选育的效率。

关键词：  马铃薯; 抗青枯病; 种质资源

中图分类号：  S532    文献标识码： A    文章编号：  1000-4440（2021）05-1344-08

Research advances in potato breeding for bacterial wilt resistance

XIAO Xi-ou  1，2，3 ， LIN Wen-qiu  3 ， CHEN Zhuo  3 ， JIN Hui  3 ， SI Huai-jun  1，2，4

（1.College of Agronomy， Gansu Agricultural University，Lanzhou 730070， China; 2.Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science， Lanzhou 730070， China; 3.South Subtropical Crops Research Institute，Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences，Zhanjiang 524091， China; 4.College of Life Science and Technology， Gansu Agricultural University， Lanzhou 730070， China）

Abstract：  Bacterial wilt caused by  Ralstonia solanacearum  is one of the most important diseases affecting potato industry. The most effective and economic method for preventing and controlling the bacterial wilt in potatoes are breeding and popularizing resistance cultivars. Researchers at home and abroad have tried many ways to identify the resistance of potato germplasm resources to bacterial wilt. The results showed that， there were limited bacterial wilt resistant germplasms in tetraploid potato cultivars， but there were aboundant resistant germplasms in wild potato cultivars. Some germplasms with resistance to bacterial wilt were created through technologies such as distant hybidization， somatic hybridization， transgene and mutation. Those works laid a good foundation for the breeding of new potato varieties. As the lack of bacterial wilt resistant potato varieties has become a bottleneck， the main research in the future should focus on screening the bacterial wilt resistant potato germplasms and creating bacterial wilt resistant potato germplasms by multiple approaches， so as to lay the foundation for breeding bacterial wilt resistant potato germplasms. Meanwhile， molecular marker assisted breeding system for potato bacterial wilt can be established to improve the breeding efficiency of bacterial wilt resistant cultivars.

Key words：  potato; resistant to bacterial wilt; germplasm resources

马铃薯（ Solanum tuberosum  L.）是中国四大粮食作物之一，其栽培面积仅次于小麦、水稻和玉米  [1] 。据世界粮农组织 （FAO）统计，2019年全球馬铃薯产量达到 368 247 077  t（http：//www.fao.org/home/en/）。马铃薯在生产中易遭受多种病虫害的危害，如病毒病、晚疫病、青枯病等  [1] 。马铃薯青枯病是仅次于马铃薯晚疫病的马铃薯第二大病害，在世界范围内的马铃薯主要栽培地区和国家均有马铃薯青枯病危害的报道  [2] 。如在埃塞俄比亚的Chencha地区，97%的马铃薯有青枯病  [3] 。在中国的11个省（市）马铃薯产区都分离出青枯菌，并且北迁趋势严峻  [2，4] ，严重威胁马铃薯产业的发展。……