不同调理剂组合对酸性土壤改良及稻谷降镉的效果研究

刘仁波 周富忠

摘要 在2个不同成土母岩母质发育的水稻土试验点，通过正规的田间小区试验，研究“益欣荣Ⅱ”“益欣荣Ⅱ+谷乐丰”“益欣荣Ⅱ+氨糖可力”3种不同土壤调理剂组合对酸性水稻土的改良、土壤有效镉的钝化、水稻的增产增收以及控制水稻对镉的吸收等方面的效果。结果表明，3种组合对水稻增产效果显著，并有一定的经济效益，增收稻谷550～974 kg/hm 增幅为8.85%～15.23%，净收益600～1 725元/hm2;对酸性水稻土改良效果较好，可抑制酸化土壤pH进一步下降、提高酸性土壤pH，酸化土壤交换性铝上升幅度得到控制、酸性土壤交换性铝明显下降，明显降低了土壤有效锰含量，提高了土壤盐基饱和度;对土壤有效镉有一定的固化作用，有效控制了水稻对镉的吸收，大幅度降低了稻谷中镉含量。综合比较水稻增产增收、酸性土壤改良、土壤固镉及稻谷降镉等方面效果，“益欣荣Ⅱ+氨糖可力”最优，“益欣荣Ⅱ+谷乐丰”次之，单施“益欣荣Ⅱ”最差。

关键词 酸化土壤;土壤调理剂;土壤有效镉;稻谷;镉

中图分类号 S 156  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2021）20-0093-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.20.025

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Study on the Effect of Different Conditioner Combinations on the Improvement of Acidic Soil and the Reduction of Cadmium in Rice

LIU Ren-bo ZHOU Fu-zhong2

（1.Lichuan Agricultural Law Enforcement Team，Lichuan，Hubei 445400;2.Lichuan City Soil Fertilizer Station，Lichuan，Hubei 445400）

Abstract In two paddy soil experimental sites with different parent materials， through regular field plot experiments， the effects of three different soil conditioner combinations of "Yixinrong Ⅱ" "Yixinrong Ⅱ + Gulefeng" and "Yixinrong Ⅱ + Antangkeli" on the improvement of acidic paddy soil， the passivation of soil available cadmium， the increase of rice yield and income and the control of cadmium absorption by rice were verified.The results showed that the three combinations had significant effect on increasing rice yield， and had certain economic benefits. The rice yield increased by 550-974 kg/hm  with an increase of 8.85%-15.23%， and the net income per mu was 600-1 725 yuan/hm2. The improvement effect of acid paddy soil was better， which could inhibit the further decline of pH in acid soil， improve the pH of acid soil， control the increase of exchangeable aluminum in acid soil， significantly reduce the exchangeable aluminum in acid soil， significantly reduce the soil available manganese content， and improve the soil base saturation. It could solidify available cadmium in soil， effectively control the absorption of cadmium by rice， and greatly reduce the content of cadmium in rice. Comprehensive comparison of rice yield and income， acid soil improvement， soil cadmium fixation and rice cadmium reduction effect， the "Yixinrong Ⅱ + Antangkeli" was the best， the "Yixinrong Ⅱ + Gulefeng" was the second， the single application of "Yixinrong Ⅱ" was the worst.

Key words Acid soil;Soil conditioner;Soil available cadmium;Paddy;Cadmium

作者簡介 刘仁波（1969—），男，湖北利川人，农艺师，从事农业新技术、新产品应用及农业行政执法研究。

*通信作者，高级农艺师，从事土肥新技术应用、耕地质量监测及障碍修复研究。

收稿日期 2021-02-18;修回日期 2021-03-09

酸化是土壤退化的重要表現，近几十年来由于高强度人为活动的影响，土壤酸化的进程大大加速，对生态环境和农业生产的危害加重[1]。我国酸化土壤呈现面积大、分布广及酸化程度高等特点[2]，因此，采取有效措施减缓土壤酸化进程并对严重酸化土壤进行改良和修复，对保护生态环境和保障农业的可持续发展具有重要意义[3]。……