美国执业药师继续教育课程和实施管理体系对我国的启示

蒋蓉 丁瑞琳 邵蓉

摘 要 目的：为优化我国执业药师继续教育课程管理制度提供参考。方法：介绍美国执业药师继续教育课程管理的内容和实施体系，为我国执业药师继续教育课程建设与管理体系优化提出政策建议。结果与结论：美国的执业药师继续教育课程管理有明确的课程目标、使命和计划，并在继续教育开始前评估受教者的基本情况，对课程进行模块化管理（分为基于知识、基于运用和实践的继续教育课程）;在美国继续教育实施体系方面，药学教育认证委员会（ACPE）对施教人员有要求，提出了强调自主化和个性化的终身学习模式（药师继续职业发展模式），并对授课方式与学习周期、收费情况进行了详细规定，同时要求必须收集参与人员对课程的反馈。结合我国实际，笔者建议我国相关部门应制订《执业药师继续教育课程标准》，对课程实行规范化管理，完善继续教育课程考核机制，以实际教育效果为考察核心来灵活授予学分，并不断更新继续教育的理念与模式，将国际理论本土化，以此不断完善我国执业药师继续教育管理制度。

关键词 继续教育;执业药师;课程;规范化管理;美国

ABSTRACT   OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for optimizing the curriculum management system of continuing education for licensed pharmacists in China. METHODS： The content and implementation system of continuing education curriculum management for licensed pharmacists in the United States was introduced， and policy suggestions were put forward for the curriculum construction and management system optimization of continuing education for licensed pharmacists in China. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS： The curriculum management of continuing education for licensed pharmacists in the United States has clear curriculum objectives， missions and plans， and evaluates the basic situation of the trainees before continuing education starts， so as to carry out modular management of the curriculum （including continuing education courses based on knowledge， application and practice）. In terms of the implementation system of continuing education in the United States， ACPE has put forward a lifelong learning model （pharmacist continuing career development model） that emphasizes autonomy and personalization， and has detailed regulations on teaching methods， learning cycle and fees. At the same time， ACPE requires that the feedback of participants on the curriculum must be collected. Combined with the practice in China， it is suggested that the relevant departments should formulate the Curriculum Standard of Continuing Education for Licensed Pharmacists， implement standardized management of the curriculum， improve the assessment mechanism of continuing education curriculum， flexibly grant credits based on the actual education effect， constantly update the concept and mode of continuing education， and localize the international theory， so as to continuously improve the continuing education management system of licensed pharmacists in China.

KEYWORDS   Continuing education; Licensed pharmacist; Curriculum; Standardized management; United States

執业药师作为确保药品安全和药学服务质量的关键力量，肩负着重大的社会责任和公众利益。加强执业药师等药学技术人员的队伍建设是我国保障人民群众用药安全、推进“健康中国”建设的重要举措。截至2020年8月底，全国执业药师注册人数为556 326人，每万人口执业药师人数为4.0人[1]，已基本满足《“十三五”国家药品安全规划》提出的4人/万人的要求，但在队伍的质量建设和素质建设上仍需继续努力[2]。……