构建建筑学科概念体系的思考

摘 要：精确、完备、系统的概念体系是学科良好发展的重要根基。长久以来，建筑学科存在着基本范畴不清晰、核心概念不明确、概念定义模糊、概念关系不明、概念未成体系、概念使用混乱等问题，影响了学科的高质量发展、精细化研究以及与其他学科的交流借鉴，也给广大建筑教育者和学习者带来诸多困扰。文章运用聚类思维，将建筑学科本体范畴的最本质、最重要、最稳定、最普遍的概念汇总，按照“建筑本体要素、建筑影响要素、建筑构成要素”的逻辑，对概念进行分析、比较、分类，形成较为系统化的概念和术语体系。通过概念体系的构建，旨在加强建筑学科领域概念使用的精确性与规范性，提升学科理论知识表达的科学性与严谨性，形成对建筑学科的整体、清晰认识，从而促进学科走向成熟、系统和科学。

关键词：建筑学科;建筑概念体系;建筑术语体系。

中图分类号：TU-02;N04  文献标识码：A  DOI：10.12339/j.issn.1673-8578.2022.03.011

Construction of Conceptual System of Architecture Discipline//SUN Zhenya

Abstract： An accurate， complete and systematic conceptual system is an important foundation for good development of discipline. For a long time， there have been some problems in the discipline of architecture， such as unclear basic categories， unclear core concepts， vague concept definitions， unclear concept relations， unsystematic concepts， chaotic concept use and so on， which not only affect the further development of the discipline， refined research and reference with other disciplines， but also bring many troubles to the majority of architectural educators and learners. By using clustering thinking， we summarize the most essential， important， stable and common concepts of the ontology category of architecture discipline， and analyze， compare and classify the concepts according to the logic of “architectural ontology elements， architectural influence elements and architectural constituent elements”， so as to form a more systematic concept and terminology system. Through construction of the concept system， we aim to strengthen the accuracy and standardization of the use of concepts in the discipline of architecture， improve the scientificity and preciseness of the theoretical knowledge of the discipline， and form an overall clear understanding of the architecture discipline， thus further promote the discipline to be mature， systematic and scientific.

Keywords： architecture discipline; conceptual system construction; architecture term system

收稿日期：2022-02-22  修回日期：2022-04-27

建筑学科作为综合性、应用性的学科，积累了相当丰富的经验与实践，但尚未精确、清晰、科学地界定学科概念，尚未整体、系统地构建学科概念體系。一方面，建筑学科极具复杂性，学科概念类型繁多，既有描述主体的概念，又有描述客体的概念;另一方面，学科概念间的关系层次丰富多样，既有纵向的包含关系，又有横向的并列、交叉关系，还有虚实、主客关系等。目前国内外学者在术语概念和术语规范方面的研究已相当深入，并取得丰富成果，但对建筑学科的概念及概念体系的研究较少，建筑学科的概念尚待进一步精细化分类、系统化梳理和体系化构建。……