浅谈大学英语四级写作提分技巧

薛 霞

（内蒙古科技大学，内蒙古 包头 014010）

大学英语四级考试，即CET-4，College English Test Band4的缩写，是由教育部高等教育司主持的全国性英语考试。考试的主要对象是根据教育大纲修完大学英语四级的在校专科生、本科生或研究生。大学英语四级标准化考试自1986年末开始筹备，1987年正式实施，目的是对大学生的英语能力进行客观、准确的测评，进而为我国大学英语课程的教学质量服务。四级考试考核学生英语综合应用能力，包括听力理解，阅读理解，写作和翻译，其中写作占总成绩的15%。这部分要求学生在三十分钟内完成不少于120词的短文，结构合理，内容切题，语言通顺。那么如何在写作中拿到高分？

1 历年四级写作题目中的高频词

分析2014-2020年的四级写作题目，作文题的提示形式包括提纲，情景，图画等。正确理解题意和紧扣主题是关键。拿到作文题目后不急于动笔写，阅读题目要求，确定要写的内容；一旦跑题，则无论句式多么丰富，辞藻多么华丽，作文的分数也不可能是高分。同时牢固掌握challenge,course,impress/impression,college,state,cite,illustrate/illustration,describe/description,comment,importance,express/expression,option,explain/explanation,suppose,contact,advertise/advertisement,handle,develop/development,graduate,elaborate,give an account of,recommend/recommendation,change,transport/transportation,volunteer,reason等作文提示词汇。

2 写作步骤

一篇四级作文至少应该分为三段，分别为开头、主体和结尾。无论什么题材的作文都可运用三段式，总—分—总完成。第一段开门见山，引出话题；可以由It is universally acknowledged that...;It is well-known to us that...;Recently there is a growing concern over...等引出，且在第一段结尾处表明个人观点或写作意图，承上启下，为第二段做铺垫。第一段一般不宜过长，3-4句即可。第二段是主体，可分三层来写，用in the first place;in the second place及last but not the least分别表述，层次分明，结构清晰。此段的内容可以举例、引用、假设等方法进一步论证个人观点。最后一段以to sum up...;from what has been discussed above...;only when we take immediate and effective measures to solve the present problem can we...等开头，三个句子左右总结上面内容并升华主题。

3 写作技巧

首先，写作中，要想拿到高分就应恰到好处的高级词汇。平时有一定的词汇积累量，不仅能认识，而且要能灵活准确的运用。这些常用词或词组可用高级词汇代替。

and as well;what is more,together with for example take sth for example/for instance important of great importance/essential however/but nevertheless many a great number of much a multitude of in order to for the purpose of/with the intent to because in that so hence,therefore,thus about in regard to use make use of

good satisfying/marvelous/pleasing bad defective/imperfect now at present/at the moment recently in recent days/to date believe hold a firm belief I think...asfarasIamconcerned/asIseeit/frommypointofview like take delight in people human beings/individuals have possess/contain meet come across need In need of can be capable of help give assistance to make create in fact as a matter of fact

其次，英语是形合语言，指的是靠形式联合。比如英语中的句子必须使用连词或者关系词来连接，从而表达句子间的逻辑关系。运用连词或者关系词也变简单句为复合句。例如：I like Baotou.It has beautiful weather and tasty food.（两个简单句）可转换为：I like Baotou and it has beautiful weather and tasty food.或I like Baotou because it has beautiful weather and tasty food.或者As Baotou has beautiful weather and tasty food,I like Baotou.

再次，句式多样复杂可通过变化主语及使用从句实现。灵活变化主语可用动名词，动词不定式，形式主语，主语从句等。例如整段句子的主语都是他。He has difficulty in learning English well.这句话可表述为以下几种：Learning English well is difficult for him.To Learn English well is difficult for him.It is difficult for him to learn English well.What is difficult for him is learning English well.同时，通过使用不同从句使句子复杂化。例如：I like Baotou because it has beautiful weather and tasty food.可转换为Baotou,which has beautiful weather and tasty food,is liked by me.

最后，在写作中，主题句是概括段落主要思想的句子。通常是段落中的第一句话，有时也放到句末。它组织整个段落，也被认为主要思想，即作者对该主题的立场。英文写作中每一段要有主题句。以2014年6月份的四级写作题目为例：Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your hometown,what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?这个题目的第二段可写选择参观某地的原因，因此可写There are several reasons why I want him/her to see this place为主题句，接着分别写出具体原因。

总而言之，写作需要反复练习。看到题目，先要细心审题，弄清题意，掌握所要表达的要点，做到心中有数，避免随心所欲，文不对题。理顺要点，构思框架，然后下笔。过程中，注意写作技巧，选择高级词汇，句式多样且有难度，使用信号词和关系词使文章逻辑通顺，浑然一体。记得每段还要有主题句，完笔之后，默读1～2遍，检查修改。平时多积累多学习各种写作技能，才能有效提升自己的四级写作能力。