10份甜糯双隐性玉米自交系的农艺及品质性状配合力分析

刘励蔚 冯咏琪 朴莲玉 唐铭 王化冰 张云学

摘    要：为筛选适宜东北地区推广种植的甜糯玉米新品种，以10份甜糯双隐性玉米自交系为母本（P1），3份糯玉米自交系为父本（P2），采用不完全双列杂交NCⅡ设计，配置玉米杂交组合并对10个农艺及品质性状进行配合力分析，具体为株高、穗位高、穗长、穗粗、穗行数、穗粒质量、行粒数、百粒质量、皮渣率和支链淀粉含量。结果表明：一般配合力方面，JT124在穗长、行粒数、百粒质量、皮渣率和支链淀粉含量等方面表现最好，较好的自交系有JT120、JT111、JT113。特殊配合力方面，组合JT124×JN55、JT124×JN88、JT120×JN55表现较好。JT124、JT120、JT111和JT113可直接利用，其余自交系需经改良后再进一步利用。株高、穗行数、行粒数和百粒质量等性状应在早代进行选择，而穗位高、穗粗、皮渣率和支链淀粉含量等性状应在晚代进行选择，该选育特点更有利于育种家科学设定育种目标并选择合适的亲本自交系。

关键词：甜糯；自交系；农艺性状；配合力

中图分类号：S513          文献标识码：A         DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006－6500.2023.05.005

Abstract： In order to screen new sweet and waxy corn varieties suitable for promotion and planting in Northeast China， 10 sweet-waxy double recessive maize inbred lines were used as female parents（P1）， and 3 waxy maize inbred lines as the male parent （P2）， using the incomplete di-column NCⅡ design， the configuration and combination of plant height， ear height， grain weight per ear， ear length， ear diameter， number of rows per ear， number of grains per row， 100-grain weight， combining ability analysis of 10 agronomic traits such as skin residue rate and amylopectin content. The results showed that： in general combining ability， JT124 had the best performance in ear length， number of grains per row， 100-grain weight， skin residue rate and amylopectin content. The better inbred lines were JT120， JT111 and JT113. In terms of special combining force， the better combinations are JT124×JN55， JT124×JN88， JT120×JN55. JT124， JT120， JT111 and JT113 can be used directly， and the other inbred lines can be improved and then used. Traits such as plant height， number of rows per ear， number of grains per row and 100-grain weight should be selected in the early generation， while traits such as ear height， ear diameter， skin residue rate and amylopectin content should be selected in the later generation. Based on this， breeding targets can be targeted and suitable parental inbred lines can be selected.

Key words： sweet glutinous; inbred lines; agronomic traits; combining ability

隨着社会生活水平的提高，人们不仅满足于一日三餐的饱腹，而且更加注重膳食合理、营养均衡。鲜食玉米作为低脂粗膳食的代表，口感软糯，味道鲜香，营养含量丰富，深受人们喜爱。近几年市场对鲜食玉米需求量不断增加，促进了我国鲜食甜糯玉米的育种、繁育和推广事业的快速发展[1-3]。目前，市面上的鲜食玉米主要为甜糯型鲜食玉米，糯玉米通过蒸煮后形成粘滞性较高的糊状物，冷却后不易发硬，入口顺滑，甜玉米胚乳中含有大量的水溶性多糖，食用时带粘性，口感极好[4-5]，而甜糯型玉米则兼顾以上2种玉米的优良特性，成为鲜食玉米的新宠。……