赵磊 张春兰



摘 要:为发现山西省大型真菌新成员,通过随机踏查,对山西省北部地区林区的大型真菌进行调查,采集了481份样本,在经典形态分类鉴定的基础上,采用分子生物学的方法(ITS1/ ITS4 2个保守基因片段)进行辅助验证鉴定,利用最大似然法构建其分子系统学关系,采用多相分类法进行物种综合鉴定。结果表明:结合形态学、分子生物学鉴定,发现2个新纪录种,分别为毛缘菇Ripartites tricholoma和空柄假香蘑Notholepista fistulosa。研究结果增补了采自山西省毛缘菇属和假香蘑属的2个大型真菌新纪录种,提供了2个新纪录种的详细宏观描述、显微特征描述和野外生态信息,对山西省大型真菌名录是较好的补充,为相关物种的鉴定、资源开发与利用以及生物地理学的研究提供参考数据。
关键词:毛缘菇;空柄假香蘑;分子系统学
中图分类号:Q19 文献标识码:A DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2023.05.014
Abstract: In order to discover new members of macrofungi in Shanxi Province, a random survey was conducted to investigate the macrofungi in the northern forest region of Shanxi Province and 481 samples were collected. Based on the classical morphological classification and identification, molecular biological methods (ITS1/ITS4 conservative gene segments) were used for auxiliary verification and identification. The maximum likelihood method was used to construct their molecular phylogenetic relationships and the heterogeneous classification method was used for comprehensive species identification. The results showed that combining morphological and molecular biological identification, two new recorded species were found, namely, Ripartites tricholoma and Notholepista fistulosa. The results of the study supplement two new recorded species of macrofungi collected from the genera Ripartites and Notholepista in Shanxi Province, providing detailed macroscopic descriptions, microscopic characterization and field ecological information of the two new recorded species, which is a good supplement to the list of macrofungi in Shanxi Province and provides reference data for the identification of related species, resource development and utilization and biogeographical research.
Key words: Ripartites tricholoma; Notholepista fistulosa; molecular systematics
中国是世界上重要的生物多样性研究热点地区之一,具有丰富的物种多样性。我国地理结构和地貌特征比较复杂,并且地区间气候因素差异较大,导致在生物物种演化进程中具有特殊地位。山西省位于黄土高原东部,由于其特殊的生态区位和自然地理特征,自然生态系统的保护与恢复工作显得尤为重要[1]。为了改善生态环境,山西省近年来,在防沙治理工程、平原绿化工程、三北防护林工程、太行山绿化工程等提高森林覆盖率和保护森林生态学等方面开展着卓有成效的工作。生物多样性是维持生态系统稳定的重要要素,其中真菌作为分解者,已成为地球上生物多样性组成与生态系统构建中的重要成员。……