风电机组用高强度螺栓连接质量管理

马晓飞

摘 要：【目的】提高高强度螺栓连接风电机组的安全性、可靠性。【方法】从高强度螺栓连接副出发，对高强度螺栓生产制造、进场验收、运输与储存、安装施工及施工质量验收等方面加强管理，提出螺栓从生产制造到施工验收过程的质量管理要求。【结果】出厂时对螺栓表面缺陷进行检验，达不到标准的要拒收；进场时对螺栓扭矩系数、机械性能、螺母保证载荷等参数进行抽样复检，确保螺栓符合要求；施工完毕后，对每一个螺栓连接副是否进行初紧与终紧进行检查，确保连接质量达标。【结论】对螺栓连接副制造、运输储存、进场验收、安装施工及施工质量验收等方面加强管理，提高螺栓质量，降低风机事故率。

关键词：高强度螺栓；风电机组；质量管理

中图分类号：TH131.3      文献标志码：A   文章编号：1003-5168（2023）09-0044-05

Abstract： [Purposes] To improve the safety and reliability of high-strength bolt connection for wind turbine generators.[Methods] Starting with high-strength bolt connection pairs， the quality management requirements for the bolt rectification process are introduced from the aspects of high-strength bolt production and manufacturing， mobilization acceptance， transportation and storage， installation construction， and construction quality acceptance. [Findings] Quality acceptance should be strengthened， and bolt surface defects should be inspected before leaving the factory. If they fail to meet the standards， they should be rejected; When accepting conducts， sampling and re-inspection on parameters such as bolt torque coefficient， mechanical performance， and guaranteed load of nuts are necessary to ensure that the bolts meet the requirements; After the completion of bolt construction， check whether each bolt connection pair has undergone initial and final tightening to ensure that the connection quality meets the standard. [Conclusions] It is recommended to strengthen management from the aspects of bolt connection pair manufacturing， transportation and storage， site acceptance， installation and construction quality acceptance， comprehensively improve bolt quality in various aspects， and reduce the accident rate of wind turbines.

Keywords： high strength bolt; wind turbine unit; quality assurance

0 引言

高強度螺栓是一种用于连接风力发电机结构部件的重要零件，具有施工简便、可拆卸更换、连接刚度高、受力性能好、抗疲劳、耐震的优点。风力发电机各个部件的连接和锁紧均采用高强度螺栓。

高强度螺栓是指8.8级及以上强度等级的螺栓。以高强度螺栓为连接紧固件，通常为摩擦型连接，通过对螺栓施加紧固轴力，使连接板夹紧而产生摩擦作用。外力作用时，连接板层接触面之间发生摩擦，将外力传递给螺栓，应力流通过接触面进行平滑传递［1］。

我国风电机组在使用高强度螺栓安装过程中出现滑丝、屈服、拉断等现象，风机机组运行过程中出现连接螺栓断裂的现象，降低风电机组的安全系数，严重时甚至会造成风机倒塌［2］。……