数字贸易便利化对全球价值链升级的影响

曹宇芙 邓宗兵 文江雪

[摘 要：数字技术发展为贸易便利化革新带来重大机遇，数字贸易便利化成为全球价值链升级的重要抓手。文章基于2007—2021年“一带一路”沿线国家数据，构建数字贸易便利化评价指标体系，从高度和广度两个维度刻画全球价值链升级，探究数字贸易便利化对全球价值链升级的影响。研究发现：数字贸易便利化显著促进“一带一路”沿线国家全球价值链升级，且具有非线性递增效应；数字安全、数字基础设施分别是提升全球价值链高度和广度的关键因素，数字贸易便利化对制造业和发达国家全球价值链升级作用更大；促进技术溢出和强化市场竞争是数字贸易便利化推动全球价值链升级的重要机制。

关键词：数字贸易便利化；全球价值链；“一带一路”；技术溢出；市场竞争

中图分类号：F49；F746；F113   文献标识码：A 文章编号：1007-5097（2024）06-0056-10 ]

The Impact of Digital Trade Facilitation on Global Value Chain Upgrading：

Empirical Evidence from Belt and Road Countries

CAO Yufu1a，DENG Zongbing1a，1b，WEN Jiangxue2

（1. a.College of Economics and Management；b. Research Center for Inclusive Finance and Agricultural & Rural Development，

Southwest University，Chongqing 400715，China；

2. School of Law，Political Science，Business and Trade，Chongqing University of Science and Technology，Chongqing 401331，China）

Abstract：The advancement of digital technology offers substantial opportunities for enhancing trade facilitation through innovation，with digital trade facilitation emerging as a critical driver for the upgrading of the Global Value Chain （GVC）. This essay utilizes data from countries participating in the Belt and Road Initiative spanning the period from 2007 to 2021 to establish an evaluation index system for digital trade facilitation. It assesses the enhancement of the GVC in terms of both height and scope，investigating the influence of digital trade facilitation on the advancement of GVC. Findings： The impact of digital trade facilitation on the upgrading of GVC in Belt and Road countries is substantial，demonstrating a non-linear incremental impact. Digital security and digital infrastructure are key factors in enhancing the intensity and scope of GVC. Particularly，the influence of digital trade facilitation on GVC upgrading is more pronounced in the manufacturing industry and in developed economies. The promotion of technological spillover and the reinforcement of market competition are essential mechanisms through which digital trade facilitation drives the advancement of GVC upgrading.

Key words：digital trade facilitation；global value chain；Belt and Road；technological spillover；market competition

一、引言及文献综述

全球价值链（Global Value Chain，简称GVC）分工是国际分工的新模式，具有产品生产工序被拆分到多个国家进行加工的重要特征。GVC是以工序和生产环节为对象的国际分工体系，已逐步成为世界经济发展趋势。当前，GVC正因技术革新、新冠疫情冲击余波影响而加速重构，全球化进程受阻，逆全球化浪潮和保护主义抬头。在此背景下，“一带一路”倡议为发展中国家参与GVC注入新的活力和发展动力。党的二十大报告将推动共建“一带一路”高质量发展作为推进高水平对外开放的重要内容。2023年10月，习近平主席在第三届“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛开幕式上宣布中国支持高质量共建“一带一路”的八项行动。……