新疆玉米产区三个玉米螟地理种群发育起点、有效积温测定与比较研究

2017-11-01 12:01阿依克孜丁新华付开赟吐尔逊阿合买提朱晓华班小莉古丽夏提丁爱琴郭文超
新疆农业科学 2017年10期
关键词:伊宁有效积温历期

阿依克孜,丁新华,付开赟,吐尔逊·阿合买提,何 江,朱晓华,班小莉,古丽夏提,丁爱琴,郭文超

(1.塔里木大学,新疆阿拉尔 843300;2.新疆农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业部西北荒漠绿洲作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091;3.哈密市农业技术推广中心,新疆哈密 839001;4.伊犁州农业技术推广总站,新疆伊宁 835000;5.新疆农业科学院微生物应用研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091)

新疆玉米产区三个玉米螟地理种群发育起点、有效积温测定与比较研究

阿依克孜1,2,丁新华2,付开赟2,吐尔逊·阿合买提2,何 江2,朱晓华3,班小莉4,古丽夏提3,丁爱琴3,郭文超5

(1.塔里木大学,新疆阿拉尔 843300;2.新疆农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业部西北荒漠绿洲作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091;3.哈密市农业技术推广中心,新疆哈密 839001;4.伊犁州农业技术推广总站,新疆伊宁 835000;5.新疆农业科学院微生物应用研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091)

目的研究新疆荒漠绿洲生态区主要玉米螟地理种群室内生物学特性的变异情况,为准确预测预报玉米螟的发生提供参考。方法通过采用直接最优法系统比较乌鲁木齐、伊犁伊宁、喀什疏勒三个地理种群各虫态的历期、发育起点温度和有效积温。结果温度对不同地理种群各虫态的卵孵化率、存活率和发育历期有显著影响。25~28℃为三个地理种群玉米螟生长发育的最适温度范围。不同地理种群各虫态的发育历期随温度升高而缩短,发育速率随温度升高而加快,呈显著相关。20℃时完成整个世代历期最长,平均69.57 d,31℃时发育历期最短,仅为29.9 d。并用直线回归法,得出不同地理种群各虫态的发育起点温度和有效积温分别为,乌鲁木齐卵期14.35℃,54.52日·度、幼虫期9.93℃,353.25日·度、蛹期12.58℃,81.95日·度、成虫产卵前期16.27℃,37.52日·度、全世代11.92℃,504.52日·度。伊犁伊宁卵期14.36℃,52.57日·度、幼虫期9.01℃,346.15日·度、蛹期12.06℃,107.16日·度、成虫产卵前期16.61℃,36.72日·度、全世代11.32℃,533.41日·度,喀什疏勒卵期14.42℃,50.32日·度、幼虫期8.99℃,344.97日·度,蛹期11.91℃,105.88日·度,成虫产卵前期16.38℃,37.95日·度、全世代11.92℃,506.20日·度。结合伊犁伊宁县气象资料,推测得出2015、2016年玉米螟在伊犁伊宁县可以发生的理论代数为分别为2.99和3.13代。结论温度对玉米螟各虫态的发育历期有显著影响,随着温度的升高,各虫态(龄)的发育历期逐渐缩短,发育速率加快,25~28℃为最适宜温度,而超过有效温度范围,其生长发育速率均受抑制。在同一温度下,不同地理种群的平均历期不同,各虫态的发育历期不同,随着纬度的升高,发育历期逐渐缩短,发育起点温度逐渐降低。根据田间玉米螟种群消长动态,结合气象资料分析,新疆伊犁河谷地区玉米螟虽以2代为主,但已出现第3代,随气候变化,玉米螟发生由一年2代逐步变为3代的趋势。

玉米螟;发育起点;有效积温;地理变异

0 引 言

【研究意义】玉米螟(Pyraustanubilalis,Hubern)俗称玉米钻心虫,属鳞翅目Lepidoptera 螟蛾科Pyralidae秆野螟属Ostrihia,它是我国玉米生产中最重要的害虫[1],也是造成我国玉米减产的第一大害虫[2-3],近年来其在新疆南、北疆玉米主产区呈整体爆发态势,已严重影响新疆玉米的生产安全和玉米种植业的持续健康发展。通过对玉米螟开展发育起点及有效积温等生物学特性的研究,有助于掌握玉米螟种群数量的变化规律,更好地为新疆玉米螟的准确预测预报和综合防控提供指导。【前人研究进展】由于玉米螟的经济重要性,我国自20世纪30年代以来就陆续开展了大量研究工作,主要集中在生活习性[4,5]、分布[6,7]、天敌调查[8,9]、滞育机理及影响因子[10-12]、综合防治[13-15]等方面。在发育起点和有效积温方面,目前我国已对部分代表性地理种群各虫态发育历期和有效积温等生物学特性做了研究,如涂小云[16]、夏新[17]、王桂清[18]、陈曦[19]、李欣诺[3]等通过研究对比分析了哈尔滨、济南、昆明、南昌、海口等8个玉米螟种群的地理变异情况。结果表明,在不同实验条件下,发育历期、发育起点温度和有效积温存在地理变异现象,变异程度因虫态不同而异。【本研究切入点】新疆围绕着玉米螟先后开展了大量研究工作,主要集中在其生物学[20]、田间发生特点[21]、形态特征[22]和防治技术[23-25]等方面。但迄今为止还鲜见有关新疆不同玉米螟地理种群发育起点和有效积温等室内生物学特性的公开报道。研究新疆荒漠绿洲生态区主要玉米螟地理种群室内生物学特性的变异情况。【拟解决的关键问题】通过系统对比新疆三个代表性玉米螟种群发育起点和有效积温的地理变异情况,为新疆玉米螟的准确预测预报、风险分析及综合防控提供基础参考资料。

1 材料与方法

1.1 材 料

供试玉米螟虫源为采自伊犁州伊宁县吉里于孜镇五道桥村(E81°32′22 ",N43°58′18 ")、乌鲁木齐市安宁渠新疆农科院综合试验场(E88°02′54.0 ",N44°14′8.6 ")、喀什地区疏勒县库木西力克乡15村(E76°22′32 ",N39°13′11 ") 的越冬幼虫。虫源经0~5℃低温解除滞育处理后置于28℃、相对湿度75%、光周期L16:D8的LRH-250-G 型人工气候箱中饲养,待其化蛹羽化后,用室内第一代供试。幼虫用乔利[26]人工饲料饲养,成虫用10%蔗糖水饲养。

1.2 方 法

将不同地理种群室内第1代玉米螟的卵、幼虫和蛹分别置于 20、22、25、28和31℃,光周期L16:D8的人工气候箱中观察其发育历期。每天记载卵的孵化、幼虫化蛹和成虫羽化进度情况,计算各虫态发育历期所需时间,并将获得的结果采用最小二乘方公式计算卵、幼虫和蛹的发育起点温度(Lower development threshold,LDT)和有效积温(Sum of effective temperatures,SET)。每个处理重复3次,各处理卵发育历期测定的卵块数为30块,幼虫和蛹发育历期的各处理测定数为96头。

1.3 数据处理

采用SPSS18.0数据处理系统对实验数据进行分析。用One-way ANOVA进行方差分析,结果用平均值±标准差(mean±SD)表示,线性回归用Linear-regression。并用Duncan's新复极差法进行差异显著性分析。应用“直线最优法”计算玉米螟各虫态的发育起点温度和有效积温。计算公式如下:

T=VK+C;

式中:V是发育速率,K是有效积温,N是发育历期,C是发育起点温度,T是各级温度数。

2 结果与分析

2.1不同地理种群玉米螟卵孵化率及幼虫存活率比较

研究表明,同一温度下各地理种群的卵孵化率和幼虫存活率具有显著差异(P<0.05),其中喀什疏勒最高,其次是伊犁伊宁,乌鲁木齐最低。各地理种群玉米螟卵孵化率和幼虫存活率均随温度升高呈先增后降的趋势,但其最适温度存在一定差异,具体表现为,乌鲁木齐、伊犁伊宁种群在20~25℃其卵孵化率和幼虫存活率随温度的升高显著增大(P<0.05),25℃时达到最大值,为最适发育温度,而后随温度的进一步增大至31℃时,卵孵化率和幼虫存活率均略有下降。喀什疏勒地理种群卵孵化和幼虫存活的最适温度则为28℃。25~28℃为三个地理种群玉米螟生长发育的最适温度范围。

此外,相对于其他供试温度,三个地理种群在20℃下,卵孵化率和幼虫存活率均最低,且小于80%。故就温度对卵孵化率和幼虫存活率的影响而言,低温(20℃)和高温(31℃)均不利于其孵化与存活,但低温(20℃)和高温(31℃)相比,低温(20℃)对其孵化与存活的影响更大。表1

表1 不同地理种群玉米螟在各温度下的卵孵化率和幼虫存活率
Table 1 The survival rate of different geographic populations of Asian corn borer larvae and egg hatching rate in different temperature(%)

虫态Phase地理种群Geographicalpopulation温度Temperature20℃22℃25℃28℃31℃卵Egg乌鲁木齐7323a8730b9602c9571c9484d伊犁伊宁7385a8841b9785c9573d9524d喀什疏勒7420a8955b9595c9631c9574c幼虫Larva乌鲁木齐7396a8021c8750c8333d8125e伊犁伊宁7500a8125b864c8542c8438d喀什疏勒7604a8125b8542c9063d8646e

2.2不同地理种群玉米螟各虫态发育历期与发育速率

不同地理种群玉米螟各虫态的发育历期显示,温度对玉米螟各虫态的发育历期有显著影响。在供试范围内,三个地理种群均能完成各发育阶段的生长发育,随着温度的升高,各虫态(龄)的发育历期逐渐缩短,发育速率随温度升高而加快,各地理种群在不同温度下的发育历期为:20℃>22℃>25℃>28℃>31℃,发育速率为:31℃>28℃>25℃>22℃>20℃,其中,乌鲁木齐的卵期、幼虫期、蛹期、产卵前期和全世代在31℃时的发育历期与20℃时相比分别缩短了66.21%、53.60%、59.10%、71.58%、59.09%。伊犁伊宁的卵期、幼虫期、蛹期、产卵前期和全世代在31℃时的发育历期与20℃时相比分别缩短了66.70%、50.11%、59.34%、72.31%、72.31%、57.75%。喀什疏勒的卵期、幼虫期、蛹期、产卵前期和全世代在31℃时的发育历期与20℃时相比分别缩短了67.39%、52.79%、59.02%、71.99%、58.99%。同一温度下,不同地理种群各虫态的平均历期不同,同一虫态的历期,喀什疏勒的最短,而伊犁伊宁处于喀什疏勒和乌鲁木齐之间。不同地理种群各虫态发育历期明显不同,均表现为:幼虫期>蛹期>产卵前期>卵期。不同地理种群玉米螟各虫态发育速率。表2,表3

2.3不同地理种群玉米螟各虫态发育起点与有效积温比较

根据不同地理种群各虫态的发育历期和发育速率求出回归方程,研究表明,不同地理种群各虫态的发育速率与温度的直线回归方程的相关系数均达到显著水平,说明该虫有效积温模型在此温度范围内,能够很好地模拟该虫各虫态发育速率与温度的关系。表4

根据不同温度下玉米螟的发育历期,采用直接最优化法计算得出玉米螟各虫态的发育起点温度和有效积温表明,喀什疏勒卵期的发育起点温度高于伊犁伊宁和乌鲁木齐,而喀什疏勒的幼虫期、蛹期、和产卵前期的发育起点温度均低于伊犁伊宁和乌鲁木齐,乌鲁木齐除卵期外其他虫态的有效积温均高于伊犁伊宁。三个地理种群在各虫态中,幼虫发育起点温度均最低,平均为9.31℃,显著低于成虫期(16.42℃)、卵期(14.37)、蛹期(12.18℃)和全世代(11.72);有效积温则相反,全世代(514.71日·度)>幼虫期(348.12日·度) >蛹期(98.33日·度)>卵期(52.47日·度)>成虫期(37.40日·度)。表5

表2 不同地理种群玉米螟各虫态历期
Table 2 Different geographic populations of Asian corn borer each stage

虫态Phase地理种群Geographicalpopulation温度Temperature20℃22℃25℃28℃31℃卵Egg乌鲁木齐947±063a707±037b497±056c427±052d320±041e伊犁伊宁940±072a690±055b470±060c403±032d313±035e喀什疏勒920±048a653±057b447±068c397±061d300±026e一龄1stLarvae乌鲁木齐699±012a523±043b360±049c296±019d222±042e伊犁伊宁521±041a395±022b281±040c220±040d210±030d喀什疏勒503±016a364±048b240±049c262±049d233±047e二龄2ndLarvae乌鲁木齐701±012a303±016b340±049c300±012d278±042d伊犁伊宁683±050a500±012b300±012c300±012c300±012c喀什疏勒647±050a464±048b300±012c295±021c252±050d三龄3rdLarvae乌鲁木齐603±017a397±016b400±012b304±019c322±042c伊犁伊宁601±012a305±022b363±049c389±031c323±043d喀什疏勒603±016a386±092b300±012c330±046d300±012e四龄4thLarvae乌鲁木齐697±017a488±032b511±031c419±039d378±042e伊犁伊宁721±053a405±022b439±049c415±036c405±038c喀什疏勒700±012a550±053b410±044c410±034c387±034d五龄5thLarvae乌鲁木齐1201±021a869±089b710±030c554±050d513±034e伊犁伊宁965±070a832±063b537±056c512±036d502±035d喀什疏勒1100±012a913±037b538±055c538±054c506±024d幼虫Larvae乌鲁木齐3901±012a2579±110b2320±058c1873±076d1810±031e伊犁伊宁3490±121a2435±066b1918±077c1835±078d1741±095e喀什疏勒3552±056a2677±070b1900±090c1836±078d1677±116e蛹Pupa乌鲁木齐1100±032a900±033b638±067c530±054d450±050e伊犁伊宁1402±099a1070±076b770±046c700±031d570±071e喀什疏勒1391±099a1030±076b723±046c690±053d570±057e产卵前期Preovipositionperiod乌鲁木齐876±083a700±033b439±067c330±034d249±030e伊犁伊宁880±076a669±052b440±053c379±041d241±049e喀什疏勒871±056a620±040b440±056c400±025cd244±050e全世代Generationtime乌鲁木齐6768±326a4783±216a3715±184a3039±175a2769±116a伊犁伊宁6656±276a4835±186b3567±156c3248±132cd2812±096d喀什疏勒6678±294a4951±275a3479±116a3254±198a2738±134a

注:表中数据格式为:X±SE,X代表平均值,SE为标准误;同一行数据后不同字母表示同一虫期不同温度差异显著Duncan 多重比较(P<0.05)

Note:The format of data in the table isX±SE,Xmeans the average,SEis standard error;After the same line of data, different letters indicate the same insect stage, and the difference of temperature is significant. Duncan, multiple comparisons(P<0.05)

表3 不同地理种群玉米螟各虫态发育速率
Table 3 The developmental rate of each worm in different geographical populations

虫态Phase地理种群Geographicalpopulation温度Temperature20℃22℃25℃28℃31℃卵Egg乌鲁木齐011014020023031伊犁伊宁011014021025032喀什疏勒011015022025033幼虫Larvae乌鲁木齐003004004005006伊犁伊宁003004005005006喀什疏勒003004005005006蛹Pupa乌鲁木齐009011016019022伊犁伊宁007010014014018喀什疏勒007010014014018产卵前期Preovipositionperiod乌鲁木齐011014023030040伊犁伊宁011015023026041喀什疏勒011016023025041全世代Thewholegeneration乌鲁木齐001002003003004伊犁伊宁002002003003004喀什疏勒001002003003004

表4 不同地理种群玉米螟各虫态的发育温度与发育速率之间的相关性
Table 4 The correlation between developmental temperature and developmental duration of different insect populations of corn borer

虫态Phase地理种群Geographicalpopulation回归方程Regressionequation相关系数Correlationcoefficent卵Egg乌鲁木齐y=00181x-0257109869伊犁伊宁y=00189x-0268909913喀什疏勒y=00195x-0278109831幼虫Larvae乌鲁木齐y=00028x-0022109140伊犁伊宁y=00025x-0015608561喀什疏勒y=00026x-0019709124蛹Coon乌鲁木齐y=00122x-0152309957伊犁伊宁y=00092x-0108209814喀什疏勒y=00090x-0101909556产卵前期Preovipositionperiod乌鲁木齐y=00264x-0427609909伊犁伊宁y=00258x-0415609462喀什疏勒y=00243x-0379609218全世代Thewholegeneration乌鲁木齐y=00019x-0022409762伊犁伊宁y=00018x-0019609649喀什疏勒y=00019x-0021609612

表5 不同地理种群玉米螟各虫态的发育起点温度和有效积温
Table 5 Developmental threshold temperature and effective accumulated temperature of each insect population of corn borer

虫态Phase地理种群Geographicalpopulation发育起点温度(℃)Developmentalthreshold有效积温(d℃)Effectiveaccumulatedtemperature卵Egg乌鲁木齐14355452伊犁伊宁14365257喀什疏勒14425032一龄1stLarvae乌鲁木齐15023633伊犁伊宁13023514喀什疏勒11823932二龄2ndLarvae乌鲁木齐13933859伊犁伊宁13514342喀什疏勒12894274三龄3rdLarvae乌鲁木齐9146143伊犁伊宁15993448喀什疏勒10695203四龄4thLarvae乌鲁木齐6319018伊犁伊宁11036431喀什疏勒5899301五龄5thLarvae乌鲁木齐11579530伊犁伊宁10699021喀什疏勒11798885幼虫Larvae乌鲁木齐99335325伊犁伊宁90134615喀什疏勒89934497蛹Coon乌鲁木齐12588195伊犁伊宁120610716喀什疏勒119110588产卵前期Preovipositionperiod乌鲁木齐16273752伊犁伊宁16613672喀什疏勒16383795全世代乌鲁木齐119250452伊犁伊宁113253341喀什疏勒119250620

2.4 玉米螟发生世代验证

以伊犁河谷地区玉米螟地理种群为例,其全世代发育起点温度为11.32℃,有效积温为533.41日·度。只有当日平均气温高于发育起点温度时,玉米螟发育才得以进行。根据伊犁州伊宁县气象局提供的2015年、2016年每日平均气温,计算得到该地区各月有效积温,研究表明,该地区2015、2016全年提供给玉米螟发育的总有效积温分别为1 599.14日·度、1 671.90日·度,除以全世代有效积温 533.41日·度,即可测算出该地区2015年和2016年玉米螟发生的理论代数分别为2.99代、3.13代,这表明本地区的气象条件已基本达到一年发生三代所需积温。图1

图1 伊犁伊宁县各月有效积温(日·度)
Fig.1 Effective accumulated temperature per month in Yining County of Yili(d·℃)

3 讨 论

发育起点温度和有效积温是昆虫生长发育的基本参数及生物学特征[27]。温度对昆虫生长发育具有重要影响,在适合生长发育的范围内,温度越高,昆虫发育速率越快。通过统计玉米螟的发育历期发现,各温度下玉米螟随温度升高所需时间逐渐缩短,如20 ℃ 下各地理种群完成一个世代分别需要67.68、66.56和66.78 d,31℃下仅需要27.69、28.12 和27.38 d, 此规律与其他多种昆虫有相似之处[29-31]。25~28℃ 为玉米螟发育的最适温度范围,卵孵化率和幼虫存活率最高,这与袁福香等[28]研究的吉林省一代玉米螟的发生情况基本吻合。

新疆玉米螟地理种群卵、幼虫、蛹的平均发育起点分别为14.37、9.31和12.18℃;有效积温则分别为 52.47、348.12和98.33日·度,除幼虫的发育起点温度外卵期和蛹期均低于王桂清[18](卵9.65℃、幼虫10.23℃、蛹9.18℃),杨慧中[4](9.24、10.88和11.98℃)等的相关研究结果,造成这一差异出现的原因可能是不同纬度及气候条件下玉米螟长期适应当地环境的结果,也可能是由于幼虫发育历期个体差异所导致。

陈蓉[21]、刘强[32]等报道新疆伊犁种群每年可发生2个世代,而研究根据2015~2016年气象资料推算得出玉米螟发生的理论代数分别为2.99代、3.13代,玉米螟的世代发生了变化,这可能是由于以下原因造成的:一是是玉米生育期延长和特种玉米种植面积的扩大,为玉米螟提供了良好的食料来源,二是全球气候变暖,增加了有效积温,玉米螟的生长发育速率将加快,发生为害时间提前,发生世代增多,三是由于近年来新疆高温、多雨,为玉米螟种群扩繁提供了良好的环境。

实验是在人工气候箱中进行的,其温度相对恒定,其他环境因子如湿度、 光周期和光照强度等的设定都是最适宜环境,与实际发育情况存在一定差异,此外,预测数据为气象台发布的平均气温,与玉米螟实际生存栖息的小环境也有差异,因此,玉米螟在自然变温条件下的发育起点温度、有效积温和年发生代数还有待于进一步研究。

4 结 论

4.1 同一温度下各地理种群的卵孵化率和幼虫存活率具有显著差异(P<0.05),25~28℃为三个地理种群玉米螟生长发育的最适温度范围,低于或高于此温度均不利于其卵孵化与存活,且低温对其孵化与存活的影响更大。

4.2 温度对玉米螟各虫态的发育历期有显著影响。随着温度的升高,各虫态(龄)的发育历期逐渐缩短,发育速率随温度升高而加快;其中,31℃时的发育历期最短,20℃时历期最长。在同一温度下,不同地理种群各虫态的平均历期不同,同一虫态的历期,喀什疏勒的最短,而伊犁伊宁处于喀什疏勒和乌鲁木齐之间;不同地理种群各虫态的发育历期明显不同,均表现为:幼虫期>蛹期>产卵前期>卵期。不同地理种群玉米螟同一龄期下的发育历期差异不显著(P>0.05)

4.3 在测试温度范围内,玉米螟各虫态发育温度与其发育速率存在较显著的相关性。喀什疏勒卵期的发育起点温度高于伊犁伊宁和乌鲁木齐,而喀什疏勒的幼虫期、蛹期和产卵前期的发育起点温度均低于伊犁伊宁和乌鲁木齐,乌鲁木齐除卵期外其他虫态的有效积温均高于伊犁伊宁。在三个地理种群各发育阶段均以幼虫发育起点温度最低,平均为9.31℃,显著低于成虫期(16.42℃)、卵期(14.37)、蛹期(12.18℃)和全世代(11.72)发育起点温度;而其有效积温变化趋势也相同,全世代(514.71日·度)>幼虫期(348.12日·度) >蛹期(98.33日·度)>卵期(52.47日·度)>成虫期(37.40日·度)。

4.4 伊犁伊宁县玉米螟世代发育起点温度为11.32℃,有效积温为533.41日·度。根据伊犁州伊宁县气象局提供的2015年、2016年每日平均气温,测算出该地区2015年和2016年玉米螟发生的理论代数分别为2.99代、3.13代,这表明该地区的气象条件已基本达到一年发生三代所需的积温,而通过对伊犁河谷玉米田间玉米螟种群消长动态数据分析,在玉米整个生育期,玉米螟卵和幼虫的种群数量明显出现第三个高峰,但第三个高峰卵和幼虫量明显低于前两个高峰期的数值,也进一步验证了这一研究结果,即在伊犁河谷地区,玉米螟世代虽以2代为主,但已出现第三代,而且随气候变化已由 2 代发生区逐步转变为3代发生区的趋势。

References)

[1] 刘宏伟,鲁新,李丽娟.我国亚洲玉米螟的防治现状及展望[J]. 玉米科学, 2005,(S1): 142-143,147.

LIU Hong-wei, LU Xin, LI Li-juan. (2005). Current situation and Prospect of the control of Asian corn borer [J].MaizeScience, (S1): 142-143,147. (in Chinese)

[2]陈斌,和淑琪,张立敏,等. 甘蔗间作玉米对亚洲玉米螟发生为害的控制作用[J]. 植物保护学报,2015,42(4):591-597.

CHEN Bin, SHU Qi, ZHANG Li-min, et al. (2015). Control efficacy of maize-sugarcane intercropping against the occurrence and the damage ofOstriniafurnacalis[J].ActaPhytophylacicaSinica, 42(4): 591-597. (in Chinese)

[3]李欣诺,王丽艳,张海燕,等. 不同温度下亚洲玉米螟实验种群生命表[J].湖北农业科学,2015,54(8):1 869-1 872.

LIi Xin-Nuo, WANG Li-yan, ZHANG Hai-yan, et al.(2015). Laboratory Population Life
Table ofOstriniafurnacalisat Different Temperatures [J].HubeiAgriculturalSciences, 54(8): 1,869-1,872. (in Chinese)

[4]杨慧中,涂小云,夏勤雯,等. 亚洲玉米螟生物学特性的研究[J]. 江西农业大学学报,2014,36(1):91-96.

YANG Hui-zhong, TU Xiao-yun, XIA Qin-wen, et al. (2014).Biology of the Asian Corn BorerOstriniafurnacalis[J].ActaAgriculturaeUniversitatisJiangxiensis, 36(1): 91-96. (in Chinese)

[5]王振营,鲁新,何康来,等. 我国研究亚洲玉米螟历史、现状与展望[J]. 沈阳农业大学学报,2000,(5):402-412.

WANG Zhen-ying, LU Xin, HE Kang-lai, et al.(2000)Review of History Present Situation and Prospect of the Asian Maize Borer Research in China [J].JournalofShenyangAgriculturalUinversity, (5): 402-412. (in Chinese)

[6]谢建军,钟国华,陈新芳,等. 亚洲玉米螟Ostriniafurnacalis(Guenée)幼虫化学感受器种类与分布的形态学研究[J]. 电子显微学报,2006,(1): 71-75.

XIE Jian-jun, ZHONG Guo-hua, CHEN Xin-fang, et al. (2006).Ostriniafurnacalis(Guenée) for morphological study on the species and distribution of larvae feel chemistry [J].JournalofChineseElectronMicroscopySociety, (1): 71-75. (in Chinese)

[7]武德功,杜军利.亚洲玉米螟越冬幼虫空间分布型调查[J]. 安徽农学通报,2014,20(13):84-85.

WU De-gong, DU Jun-Li.(2014). Research on the Spatial Distribution Pattern of Overwintering Larvae ofOstriniafurnacalisGuenee in the Corn Field [J].AnhuiAgriculturalScienceBulletin, 20(13): 84-85. (in Chinese)

[8]李瑞花. 玉米螟天敌种类及优势种群控制作用研究[J]. 当代生态农业,2003,(Z1):95-96.

LI Rui-hua.(2003)The control effect of the natural enemies of the corn borer and its dominant population [J].ContemporaryEco-AgriCulture, (Z1): 95-96. (in Chinese)

[9]翟保平. 亚洲玉米螟的天敌[J]. 国外农学.植物保护,1993,(2):7-11.

ZHAI Bao-ping.(1993)The natural enemy of the Asian corn borer [J].Foreignagriculture.Plantprotection, (2): 7-11. (in Chinese)

[10] Yang, H., Tu, X., Xia, Q., He, H., Chen, C., & Xue, F. (2015). Photoperiodism of diapause induction and diapause termination in ostrinia furnacalis.EntomologiaExperimentalisEtApplicata, 153(1): 34-46.

[11] Xiao, L., He, H. M., Zhong, P. S., Fu, S., Chen, C., & Xue, F. S. (2015). Inheritance of photoperiodic control of larval diapause in the asian corn borerostriniafurnacalis(guenée).BulletinofEntomologicalResearch,105(3): 326-334.

[12] Xia, Q., Chen, C., Tu, X., Yang, H., & Xue, F. (2012). Inheritance of photoperiodic induction of larval diapause in the asian corn borer ostrinia furnacalis.PhysiologicalEntomology, 37(2): 185-191.

[13]张广文. 玉米螟绿色防控技术[J]. 农业开发与装备,2016,(2):115-116.

ZHANG Guang-wen. (2016). Green control technology of corn borer [J].AgriculturalDevelopment&Equipments, (2): 115-116. (in Chinese)

[14]胡志凤,孙文鹏,丛斌,等. 亚洲玉米螟生物防治研究进展[J]. 黑龙江农业科学,2013,(10):145-149.

HU Zhi-feng, SUN Wen-peng, CONG Bin, et al. (2013). Research Advance on Biological Contorl ofOstriniafurnacalis[J].HeilongjiangAgriculturalSciences, (10): 145-149. (in Chinese)

[15]刘宏伟,鲁新,李丽娟.我国亚洲玉米螟的防治现状及展望[J].玉米科学,2005,(S1):142-143,147.

LIU Hong-wei, LU Xin, LI Li-juan.(2005). Research progress on biological control of corn borer in Asia [J].JournalofMaizeSciences,(S1): 142-143,147. (in Chinese)

[16]涂小云. 亚洲玉米螟滞育和生物学特性地理变异的研究[D].南昌:江西农业大学博士学位论文,2011.

TU Xiao-yun. (2011).GeographicVariationofDiapauseandBiologicalCharacteristicsintheAsianCornBover,Ostrimiafurnacalis(Guenée) [D]. PhD Thesis. Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang. (in Chinese)

[17]夏新,丛斌,宋立秋,等. 不同地理种群和不同化性亚洲玉米螟的有效积温和存活率的研究[J]. 安徽农业科学,2007,(19):15 795,15 797.

XIA Xin, CONG Bin, SONG Li-qiu, et al. (2007). Studies on the Effective Accumulated Temperature and Survival Rate of Asian Corn Borer,Ostriniafurnacalis(Guenée)with Different Geo-graphical Populations and Different Voltinism [J].JournalofAnhuiAgri.Sci, (19):15,795,15,797. (in Chinese)

[18]王桂清,忻亦芬. 沈阳地区不同化性亚洲玉米螟历期和有效积温的研究[J].沈阳农业大学学报, 2000,31(5) : 444-447.

WANG Gui-qing, XIN Yi-fen. (2000). Studies on the Persistent Times and Thermal Constants of Asian Maize BorerOstriniaFurnacalis(Guenée)in Different Voltinism in Shenyang Area[J].JournalofShenyangAgriculturalUniversity, 31(5): 444-447. (in Chinese)

[19]陈曦,吴尊翌,董辉,等. 亚洲玉米螟越冬幼虫化性与复苏后发育历期的关系[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2009, (3) : 114-115.

CHEN Xi, WU Zun-yi, Dong Hui, et al. (2009). The relationship between the overwintering larvae of the Asian corn borer and the developmental duration after resuscitation [J].JiangsuAgriculturalSciences, (3): 114-115. (in Chinese)

[20]梁铁,曾新梅,董建国. 新疆玉米螟生物学特性和防治的初步研究[J]. 八一农学院学报,1990,(4):19-23.

LIANG tie, ZENG Xin-mei, DONG Jian-guo.(1990). A preliminary study on the biological characteristics and control of corn borer in Xinjiang[J].Journalofaugustfirstagriculturalcollege, (4): 19-23. (in Chinese)

[21]陈蓉,顾向红. 新疆伊犁河谷玉米螟发生情况及绿色防控技术[J]. 现代农业科技,2015,(1):154.

CHEN Rong, GU Xiang-hong. (2015). The situation of the corn borer in yili river valley in xinjiang and the green control technology [J].ModernAgriculturalScienceandTechnology,(1): 154. (in Chinese)

[22]许浩然,张伟光. 新疆沙湾县紫玉米螟的观察初报[J]. 昆虫知识,1979,(3):120-122.

XU Hao-ran, ZHANG Wei-guang. (1979). The early report of the zi corn borer in Shawan County, Xinjiang [J].EntomologicalKnowledge, (3): 120-122. (in Chinese)

[23]丁新华,刘芳慧,解玉梅,等. 新疆荒漠绿洲生态区玉米螟田间药效研究及经济效益评价[J]. 新疆农业科学,2016,53(4):663-672.

DING Xin-hua, LIU Fang-hui, XIE Yu-mei, et al. (2016). Studies on control Effect of Asian Corn Borer,PyraustanubilalisGuenee in Fields and Economic Benefit Evaluation in Xinjiang Desert and Oasis Ecological Zone [J].XinjiangAgriculturalSciences, 53(4): 663-672. (in Chinese)

[24]许建军,郭文超,何江,等. 新疆利用赤眼蜂防治玉米螟田间应用技术研究初报[J]. 新疆农业科学,2001,(6):315-317.

XU Jian-jun, GUO Wen-chao, HE Jiang, et al. (2001). Preliminary Study on Applied Technigue of Field Using Trichogramma to Prerention and CureOstriniain Xinjiang [J].XinjiangAgriculturalSciences, 38(6): 315-317. (in Chinese)

[25]郭文超,何江,许建军,等. 新疆亚洲玉米螟无害化防治技术研究[J]. 玉米科学,2005,(1):108-110.

GUO Wen-chao, HE Jiang, XU Jian-jun, et al.(2005). Studies on Harmless Control ofOstriniafurnacalisin Maize Field of Xinjiang [J].JournalofMaizeSciences, (1): 108-110. (in Chinese)

[26]乔利,郑坚武,成卫宁,等. 不同饲料配方对亚洲玉米螟生长发育和繁殖的影响[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2008,(5):109-112.

QIAO Li, ZHENG Jian-wu, CHENG Wei-ning, et al. (2008). Impact of 4 different artificial fodders on life span of asian corn borer,Ostriniafurnacalis(Guenée) [J].JournalofNorthwestAgricultureandForestryUniversity, (5): 109-112. (in Chinese)

[27]肖婷,陈啸寅,杨鹤同,等. 三叶斑潜蝇发育起点温度和有效积温的研究[J]. 环境昆虫学报,2011,33(1):8-12.

XIAO Ting, CHEN Xiao-yin, YANG He-tong, et al. (2011). Study on the developmental zero and effective accumulative temperature of Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) [J].JournalofEnvironmentalEntomology, 33(1):8-12. (in Chinese)

[28]李定旭,王红伟,王佳阳,等.桃小食心虫在不同温度下的实验种群生命[J].昆虫学报,2010,53(7):773-779.

LI Ding-xu, WANG Hong-wei, WANG Jia-yang, et al. (2010) Life tables of the laboratory population of the peach fruit borer,Carposina sasakii Matsumura at different temperatures [J].ActaEntomologicaSinica, 53(7): 773-779. (in Chinese)

[29]吴兴富,李天飞,魏佳宁,等.温度对烟蚜茧蜂发育、生殖的影响[J].动物学研究,2000, 21 (3):192-198.

WU Xing-fu, LI Tian-fei, WEI Jia-ning, et al. (2000).Temperature effects on development and fecundity ofAphidiusgifuensisAshmead [J].Animalaffectsreproductive, 21(3): 192-198. (in Chinese)

[30]徐世才,延志连,贺民,等.菜粉蝶在不同温度下的实验种群生命表[J].植物保护,2011,37 (1): 79-81.

XU Shi-cai, YAN Zhi-lian, HE Ming, et al.(2011). Life table of the laboratory populations of Pieris rapae under different temperatures [J].PlantProtection, 37(1):79-81. (in Chinese)

[31]袁福香,刘实,郭维,等.吉林省一代玉米螟发生的气象条件适宜程度等级预报[J].中国农业气象,2008,(4):477-480.

YUAN Fu-xiang, LIU Shi, GUO Wei, et al. (2008) Grade prediction of meteorological conditions for a generation of corn borer in Jilin Province [J].ChineseJournalofAgricultureandMeteorology, (4): 477-480. (in Chinese)

[32]刘强,艾合买提江,加尔肯,周新丽. 伊犁玉米螟的发生与防治[J]. 现代农业科技,2010,(16):190,195.

LIU Qiang, Aihematijiang Jiergen, Zhou Xin-li. (2010). Occurrence and control of Yili corn borer [J].XIANDAINONGYEKEJI, (16):190,195. (in Chinese)

ComparisonofBiologicalCharacteristicsof3GeographicalPopulationsandDevelopmentalStagesofOstriniafurnacalis

Aykiz1,2, DING Xin-hua2, FU Kai-yun2, Tursun Ahmat2, HE Jiang2, ZHU Xiao-hua3,BAN Xiao-li4, Gulixiati3, DING Ai-qin3, GUO Wen-chao5

(1.TarimUniversity,AlarXinjiang843300,China; 2.ResearchInstituteofPlantProtection/KeyLaboratoryofIntegratedPestManagementofCropsinChinaNorth-westernOasis,MinistryofAgriculture,P.R.China,XinjiangAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Urumqi830091,China;3.HamiAgriculturalTechniquesExtensionCenter,HamiXinjiang839001,China; 4.AgriculturalTechnologyExtensionMasterStationofIliPrefecture,YiningXinjiang835000,China; 5.ResearchInstituteofAppliedMicrobiology,XinjiangAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Urumqi830091,China)

ObjectiveIn order to provide a reference for the accurate prediction of the occurrence of the corn borer, the variation of the indoor biological characteristics of the main corn borer populations in the desert oasis ecological region of Xinjiang was determined.MethodBy using the direct optimal method, the seasonal, developmental threshold temperature (LDT) and effective accumulated temperature (SET) of three geographical populations of Urumqi, Yili, Yining, Kashi and Shule were compared systematically.ResultTemperature had significant effects on the egg hatching rate, survival rate and developmental duration of different geographic populations. 25~28 temperature was the optimum temperature range for the growth and development of corn borer in three geographical populations. The developmental duration of each insect population in different geographic populations was shortened with the increase of temperature, and the development rate was accelerated with the increase of temperature, displaying significant correlation. At 20 ℃, the whole generation had the longest duration, with an. average of 69.57 d, and at 31℃ the developmental duration was the shortest, only 29.9 d. Using linear regression method, the developmental threshold temperature and effective accumulated temperature of different insect populations were obtained. They were: in Urumqi the egg stage was 14.35℃, 54.52 d·℃, the larval stage was 9.93℃, 353.25 d·℃, pupal period was 12.58℃, 81.95 d·℃, prophase of adult egg laying stage was 16.27℃, 37.52 d·℃, and the whole generation was 11.92℃, 504.52 d·℃; In Yili Yining. The egg stage was 14.36℃, 52.57 d·℃, the larvae stage was 9.01℃, 346.15 d·℃, pupal period was 12.06℃, 107.16 d·℃, prophase of adult egg laying stage was 16.61℃, 36.72 d·℃, and the whole generation was 11.32℃, 533.41 d·℃; In Kashi, Shule the egg stage was 14.42℃, 50.32 d·℃, the larvae stage was 8.99℃, 344.97 d·℃, pupal period was 11.91℃, 105.88 d·℃, the prophase of adult egg laying stage was 16.38℃, 37.95 d·℃, and the whole generation was 11.92℃, 506.20 d·℃. Combined with the meteorological data of Yili County of Yining, It can be inferred that the theoretical algebra of 2015-2016 years corn borer in Yili County of Yining can be divided into 2.99 generations and 3.13 generations respectively.ConclusionThe temperature has a significant influence on the developmental stages of each insect state ofPyraustanubilalis. With the increase of temperature, the developmental stages of each instar are gradually shortened, and the rate of development is accelerated. The optimum temperature is between 25℃ and 28℃. The growth rate was inhibited over the effective temperature range. At the same temperature, the average duration of different geographical populations is different, and

the developmental stages of each insect state are different. With the increase of latitude, the developmental period gradually shortened, and the developmental threshold temperature decreased gradually. According to the dynamics of corn borer population in the field, combined with meteorological data analysis, The corn borer in the Yili valley area of Xinjiang is dominated by the second generation, but there have been third generations. With the change of climate, the occurrence of corn borer gradually changed from the second generations to the third generations.

Ostriniafurnacalis; development threshold; effective accumulated temperature; geographical variation

Guo Wen-chao (1966-),male, born in Hebei, Researcher, doctoral tutor, Research direction: Comprehensive control of agricultural pest, (E-mail)gwc1966@163.com

S435.112.6

A

1001-4330(2017)10-1863-12

10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.10.012

2017-07-10

国家重点研发计划项目“北方玉米化肥农药减施技术集成研究与示范”(SQ2017ZY060067);新疆维吾尔自治区科技支撑项目“新疆玉米主产区玉米螟绿色防控关键技术研究与示范”(201531103);农业部西北荒漠绿洲作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室开放基金“新疆玉米螟主要天敌资源研究及其优势天敌控害效益评价”(KFJJ20170103)

阿依克孜(1993-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为农业害虫综合防治,(E-mail)1453308558@qq.com

郭文超(1966-),男,河北人,研究员,博士生导师,研究方向为农业害虫综合防治,(E-mail)gwc1966@163.com

Supported by: The National Key Research and Development Program of China "Integrated research and demonstration of fertilizer and pesticide reduction technology in Northern China(SQ2017ZY060067)and Science and technology support project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Key green technique research and demonstration for controlling Pyrausta nubilalis in major corn growing district in Xinjiang" (201531103) and Key laboratory opening project fund of Intergraded Management of Harmful Crop Vermin of China North-western Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China "Research of main natural enemy resources for corn borer and its evaluation of natural enemy activities in Xinjiang "( KFJJ20170103)

猜你喜欢
伊宁有效积温历期
有效积温与不同供氮水平夏玉米干物质和氮素积累定量化研究
收敛式有效积温与马铃薯植株性状变化的相关性
人海救生衣
13个新选水稻不育系播始历期配合力分析
高原的太阳
日本松干蚧生物学观察与防治
回望伊宁
贵州省中东部水稻有效积温对气候变化的响应
湖南省2016年审定通过的水稻新品种(下)
气象因素对油菜品种苏油211生长发育和产量的影响