屈家岭考古遗址公园详细规划，荆门，湖北，中国

项目设计：汤羽扬/北京建工建筑设计研究院/北京建筑大学建筑遗产研究院/湖北省文物考古研究所

屈家岭考古遗址公园详细规划，荆门，湖北，中国

项目设计：汤羽扬/北京建工建筑设计研究院/北京建筑大学建筑遗产研究院/湖北省文物考古研究所

遗址概况

屈家岭遗址为新石器时代聚落遗址。该遗址于1954年被发现，1956年第二次发掘后成为“屈家岭文化”命名地遗址，1988年被国务院公布为第三批全国重点文物保护单位。

本次考古遗址公园规划范围包括屈家岭、钟家岭、冢子坝、土地山和东湾石器点5个遗址片区。

遗址核心价值

（1）历史价值

屈家岭遗址是长江中游的史前文化，是“屈家岭文化”的命名遗址，是研究屈家岭文化形成、发展的大遗址，为建立长江中游地区新石器时代考古学文化谱系结构提供了关键支撑。

屈家岭文化阶段正处于中华文明起源和形成的重要历史时期，该遗址的发掘研究对中华文明研究具有重要的意义，说明长江流域同黄河流域一样也是中华文明的重要摇篮。

（2）科学价值

屈家岭遗址出土的陶器和红烧土内所含的稻谷壳，是研究中国稻作农业发展的重要科学资料。

屈家岭遗址出土的大量制作规范精致的陶器，显示快轮制陶技术的出现与普及，具有重要的科学价值。

屈家岭遗址发现的大规模红烧土地面建筑，具有良好的防潮功能，是人们生活适应环境的典型范例。

（3）艺术价值

屈家岭遗址出土大量造型规范的陶器及彩陶装饰风格反映出当时人们的审美观念和艺术思想。

（4）社会价值

屈家岭遗址属于长江流域文明起源、发展的标志性地区之一，它所拥有的文化遗产价值具有突出的教育意义，足以充分发挥文物见证历史、弘扬传统的独特功能，是我国社会发展领域重要的爱国主义教育基地。

屈家岭遗址可对地方的生态保护产生积极的促进作用。

遗产地居民非常重视屈家岭遗址并为拥有该遗址而感到自豪，遗产地的地位、影响和发展已成为地方社会文化发展的主题之一。

考古遗址公园总体布局

（1）规划定位

规划定位：展现屈家岭地区“远古农耕，昔日农垦，今日农谷”的发展历程。以“中国农谷”为依托，以“屈家岭考古遗址公园”为纽带，带动周边地区发展，逐步形成集遗址保护、旅游、休闲、研究等功能为一体的屈家岭新区。

形象定位：“展现史前文明，体验农耕生活”。屈家岭遗址作为新石器屈家岭文化的命名地，是一处古人类的聚落遗址。屈家岭考古遗址公园以展示屈家岭生产生活等史前文明为核心，将古代农耕、建筑、磨石、制陶、渔猎、轮制等技术通过多种方式进行展示，同时增加公众的体验参与互动，充分感受稻作文明与农耕文化。

功能定位：屈家岭考古遗址公园是展示新石器时期稻作文明聚落遗址的区域，为郊野型新型公园，具有保护、考古、展示、教育与研究功能，有促进公众对人类物质文化遗产所有形式和多样性的理解作用。

（2）规划构思

屈家岭考古遗址公园的设计构思是建立在对遗址历史的充分挖掘并尊重的基础上，同时考虑场地现有地域背景和特质及其周边环境的时代、规模、类型等特点，遗址与场地的关系演绎成为烘托和承载公园特点的关键。

屈家岭遗址文化内涵的最主要核心是中国古代农耕文化的历史，特别是长江流域稻作文明起源阶段的成就，是中国古代稻作农业的杰出代表。

纵观稻作发展的历史和稻作现今的世界发展，中国一直以来都是稻作农业发展的起源地和最优势的发展区域，而荆门一直以来则是中国粳稻发展的优势板块。屈家岭区域稻作的发展一直没有间断过。现今荆门将打造中国农谷农业示范区，屈家岭遗址作为其中的“中国农耕文化的传承地”，是其中最重要的组成部分之一。

在对荆门及屈家岭区域古今农业历史及发展的深入研究中，提出“屈家岭考古遗址公园”将作为“中国古代稻作农业”和“中国现代农谷建设”的“链接纽带”，将链接历史的农业与未来的农谷，将屈家岭地区乃至荆门地区的农业历史和发展全面、深入地展现给世人。

（3）规划结构

总体规划结构为：一环两带三区四心

一环：贯通四大遗址片区的环形路；

两带：青木河和青木垱河两条水系景观带；

三区：考古科研区、农耕体验区、游客服务区3个活动区域。

四心：屈家岭遗址展示核心、钟家岭遗址展示核心、冢子坝遗址展示核心、土地山遗址展示核心4个展示核心区。

项目信息/Credits and Data

客户/Client：湖北省荆门市文物事业管理局/Jingmen Municipal Cultural Relics Bureau of Hubei Province

项目团队/Project Team：刘昭祎，黄潇潇，王良苗，裴劭哲/LIU Zhaowei, HUANG Xiaoxiao, WANG Liangmiao, PEI Shaozhe

Site overview

Qujialing Site is a Neolithic settlement site to be discovered in 1954. After the second excavation in 1956, it is named after "Qujialing Culture". It is a typical site for researching the formation and development of Qujialing culture, and at the same time a large site in the representative of the culture of the middle Neolithic age at the middle reach areas of the Yangtze River. In 1988, it was listed in the third batch of important heritage sites under state protection by the State Council.

The Archaeological Park in this planning includes five site areas consisting of Qujialing, Zhongjialing, Zhongziba, Tudi Mountain and Dongwan Stoneware Site, covering an area of 89.96 hectares and accounting for 81% of the site areas.

Core value of the site

(1) Historical value

Qujialing Site is a prehistoric culture of the middle reaches of Yangtze River, a site named after "Qujialing Culture" as well as a large site for researching the formation and development of Qujialing culture, which provides a key support for the composition of archaeological culture pedigree of the middle Neolithic age at the middle reach areas of the Yangtze River.

Qujialing cultural stage is at an important historical period in the process of the origin and formation of Chinese civilization so that the excavation and research on the Site has important significance on the study of Chinese civilization, which demonstrates that the Yangtze River basin is another birthplace of Chinese civilization as important as the Yellow River basin.

(2) Scientific value

Potteries unearthed and rice hulls mixed into the sintering soil discovered from the Qujialing Site are important scientific data for paddy agriculture study in China.

The normalized fabrication of exquisite potteries in mass under the Qujialing Site reflects that the pottery making technique with a fast pottery wheel appear and popularize, which has significant scientific value.

It is found that mass use of sintering soil makes the buildings above the Qujialing Site well moistureproof, which establishes a typical example of the people who were adapting to the environment in living.

(3) Artistic value

A large number of unearthed potteries and decorative styles of the colored potteries reflect the aesthetic and artistic ideas of the people living at that time.

(4) Social value

Qujialing Site, known as one of areas indicative of the origin and the development of the civilization of the Yangtze River basin, is prominent in educational significance by virtue of its cultural heritage value, and is sufficient for playing a unique role in witness to history and promotion of traditional culture. In addition, it is an important patriotism education base in the field of social development in our country.

Qujialing Site has active effect on the promotion of ecological conservation in the locality.

The local residents attach great concern over the Site and feel pride for the Site and so the status, significance and development of the Site have become one of local social and cultural development themes.

General layout of the archaeological park

(1) Plan orientation

Plan orientation: to show the development processes of Qujialing from "farming in ancient times, agricultural cultivation in former years to agricultural valley today"; to drive the development of the surrounding areas relying on the concept of "China's Agricultural Valley" and liking with the "Qujialing Archaeological Park" so as to gradually create a Qujialing New Area integrating the functions of site preservation, tourism, recreation, research, etc.

Image orientation: "to show prehistoric civilization and to experience farming lifestyles". Qujialing Site, named after Qujialing culture in the Neolithic Age, is a settlement site of ancient humans. Qujialing Archaeological Park which displays the prehistoric civilization around production, living and so on has revealed various techniques such as farming, building, stone grinding, pottery making, fishing & hunting, pottery making with a wheel via a variety of ways. Meanwhile, interaction activities are additionally provided for the public fully experiencing the civilization of paddy cultivation and the farming culture.

Functional orientation: Qujialing Archaeological Park is a new suburb park as well as an exhibition area of paddy civilization in the Neolithic Age, which functions as preservation, archaeology, exhibition, education and research, and promotes the people having an understanding of the ownership forms and diversity of cultural heritage of humanity.

(2) Planning conception

The Qujialing Archaeological Park is designed based on the concept of full exploration and respect for the history of the Site while considering existing regional context and characteristics on spot as well as the features of the surrounding environment, such as times, scales, types. The relationship between the Site and the ground thereof has become a key to show and bear the features of the Park.

The core connotation of Qujialing culture lies in its history of faming culture in ancient China, especially in the achievements made in original period of paddy civilization at Yangtze River basin, which is an outstanding example of paddy agriculture in ancient China.

China has always been the origin as well as the most dominant paddy agriculture development area throughout the paddy development history and even in today's world development, and Jingmen has been one of advantageous development areas of roundgrained non-glutinous rice in China. The paddy cultivation of Qujialing areas keeps a continuous development. Now, an agricultural demonstration zone of China's Agricultural Valley will be settled in Jingmen, and the Qujialing Archaeological Park as a "place to inherit farming culture of China" will become an important part of the zone.

After an in-depth research on ancient and modern agricultural history and development at Jingmen and Qujialing areas, the Qujialing Archaeological Park will be treated as a "link" between the "paddy agriculture in ancient China" and the "construction of modern China's agricultural valley" to bridge historical agriculture and future agricultural valley, thereby fully and deeply presenting the agricultural history and development of Qujialing area and even Jingmen area to the public.

(3) Planning structure

General planning is structured by one ring, two zones, three areas, and four cores.

One ring refers to a ring road communicating four site areas;

Two zones refer to water landscape zones along Qingmu River and Qingmudang River;

Three areas include archaeological research, farming experience and tourist service areas;

Four cores include core presentation on Qujialing Site, Zhongjialing Site, Zhongziba Site, and Tudi Mountain Site.

评论

褚冬竹：古人艰辛开创出与自然共生的稻作生产条件，世代相传，哺养了难以计数的中国人。由此源发的精神信仰、衣食住行、岁时节令、礼仪人情逐渐积淀，终成中华农耕文化的重要部分。如今，信息的捕获和传递是如此便利迅捷，而亲身体验、实物观察却成了难得的奢侈。农耕的本质便是与自然真实对话、赤诚相待，容不得半点虚假。如何实现“考古遗址”必须坚守的科学性、严谨性与“公园”的开放性、休闲性的深层融合，成为挑战规划者智慧的一道“大题”。时隔10余年，仍清晰记得电影《角斗士》中马克西蒙斯轻抚麦穗，丽莎·杰拉德低吟“The Wheat”旋律时悲怆却心存希望的画面——那是对“家园”的最高礼赞。这份规划，不仅有保护、研究、科普，更是一份关于“家园”和“故土”的答卷。

张谨：当前，考古遗址公园是一个政策性多于学术性的命题。它的目的更多是为了应对城市化的迅猛进程与大规模的考古遗址争夺土地的事实，而并非单纯意义上的考古现场呈现，因此对于位于城市核心区、城乡结合部以及荒野地带的考古遗址，有着不同的考量。而考古遗址公园规划，由于考古学家、保护专家、文物主管部门、地方政府的诉求迥异，在规划内容、规划目标、规划措施甚至规划年限等方面均存在巨大争议，因此其规划呈现出更多的探索性。屈家岭考古遗址公园的规划，对位于远离城市的考古遗址的展示利用做出了较为有针对性的应答，即以生态农业的背景与遗址的展示相结合，创造原生态的遗址景观，其理念与遗址的文化内涵相契合，也最大程度上规避了各方矛盾的产生。

Comments

CHU Dongzhu: The rice production condition that the ancients created is symbiotic with nature, which has been passed down from generation to generation and fed numerous Chinese people. The spiritual beliefs, basic necessities of life, seasons, the gradual accumulation of human etiquette originating from the production eventually became an essential part of Chinese farming culture. Nowadays, information is spreading in such a rapid speed that it is a luxury to observe relevant objects in person. Farming is fundamentally a heart-to-heart dialogue with nature, allowing not a bit of pretense. Then, how to well combine an "archaeological site" that has to adhere to scientificity and rigidity with an open and recreational "park" is a big issue challenging planners. Though ten years has passed since I had watched the movie Gladiator, I can still remember clearly a sorrowful yet hopeful scene in which Maximus is stroking the ear of wheat while Lisa Gerrard crooning the melody of "the Wheat" - it is the highest praise for home. The planning for the Qujialing Archaeological Park aims not only at protection, research, and dissemination, it is also an answer sheet explaining what "home" and "homeland" mean.

ZHANG Jin: At present, archaeological park is a proposition more policy-oriented than research-driven. To a large extent, it aims to seize a large-scale land for archaeological sites during China's rapid process of urbanization. It is therefore far from to present an archaeological site. Under this circumstance, core urban areas, urban fringes and wilderness areas are treated differently. For different demands of archaeologists, conservators, heritage authorities and local governments, there exist great controversies with regard to planning contents, objectives, measures and duration. Archaeological park planning is therefore at a exploratory stage. The planning for Qujialing Archaeological Park presents a targeted response and serves as a model to archaeological sites far away from the urban. It integrates ecological agriculture with heritage exhibition to create a landscape of original ecology. As its concept matches the cultural connotation of heritage, the planning has avoided conflicts among different interest parties to the utmost.

Detailed Planning of Qujialing Archaeological Park, Jingmen, Hubei, China

Project Design：TANG Yuyang/Beijing Jiangong Architectural Design and Research Institute/Academy of Architectural Heritage, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture/Hubei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics