邢航 张新邦 李贵栋 汪恭书
摘 要:研究了物流作业中同时考虑整车和零担混合运输模式的配载问题,决策每个托运物品由哪种运输模式服务以及物品在整车运输模式下如何配载,目标为最小化两种运输模式下的总配载费用。为该问题建立了新型整数规划模型,并提出了强化模型的有效不等式,使用商业优化软件iLog-CPLEX求得了小规模算例的最优解。由于iLog-CPLEX优化软件不能在有限时间内求得大规模问题的最优解甚至可行解,针对大规模问题提出一种基于分组编码方式的离散差分进化算法。实验结果显示所提出的算法明显优于传统启发式算法,验证了离散差分进化算法在求解整车和零担混合物流配载问题的有效性。
关键词:整车运输;零担运输;配载问题;混合整数规划;差分进化
中图分类号:U294 文献标识码:A
Abstract: This paper studies the logistics loading problem with hybrid of full and less-than truck load modes, which is to decide that each consignment is serviced by which transportation model and how to load consignments under full truck load model such that total loading cost under two transportation models is minimized. A novel integer programming model formulated, and valid inequalities are proposed to strengthen the model. Commercial optimization software iLog-CPLEX is used to solve the model to optimization for small-scale instances. Because no optimal or even feasible solution of the large-scale problem can be obtained by iLog-CPLEX optimization software within limited computational time, a discrete differential evolution algorithm based on group coding method is proposed for the large-scale problems. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is obviously superior to the traditional heuristic algorithm, which verifies that the discrete differential evolution algorithm is efficient to solve the logistics loading problem with hybrid of full truck load and less-than truck load.
Key words: full truck load; less-than truck load; loading problem; mixed integer programming; differential evaluation
0 引 言
运输按照车辆装载的货物形态分为整车运输与零担运输两种模式[1-2]。零担运输一般指当一批货物的重量或容积不满一辆货车时,可与其他几批甚至上百批货物共用一辆货车装运的运输方式;而整车运输通常是指因一批货物的重量、性质、体积或形状需要以一辆或一辆以上货车装运而按整车条件来运输的运输方式。对比两种运输方式,整车运输具有一次运载量大、运输组织相对简单、单位配载费用较低等特点,而零担物流则具有一次运载量较小、运输组织相对复杂、单位配载费用一般较高的特点。对物流公司来说,当货物数量较多时,其自有车的运输能力有限不能满足用户需求,往往需要外雇其他货运公司的运输车辆。……