徐忆农
摘 要 在联合国的非物质文化遗产名录和西方学者撰写的世界史相关著作中,对以中国为核心的东亚活字印刷技艺的历史价值认识尚不够充分。论文认为诞生于中国的活字印刷术在古代东亚文明中占有重要地位,东亚造纸和印刷术对欧洲印刷事业具有决定性影响,同时认为中国活字印刷术未盛行世界的深层原因应该与社会需求有关。结论为以中国为核心的东亚活字印刷术对世界文明进程做出过积极贡献。
关键词 活字印刷 世界史 中外文化交流
分类号 G251.6
DOI 10.16810/j.cnki.1672-514X.2016.11.009
Abstract The historical value of East Asia typography has not been fully noticed by the catalogue of intangible cultural heritage and some world history books written by western scholars. This paper pointed out that typography which was born in China played a very important role in ancient East Asia civilization, and the East Asia papermaking technology typography had a decisive influence upon European printing. This paper also thought that the unpopularity of Chinese typography may be relevant to social requirements. The conclusion is typography in East Asia, especially in China, made a positive contribution to the world civilization.
Keywords Typography. World history. Communications of Chinese and foreign culture.
0 引言
东亚是印刷术的诞生地和成长地,按照出现的先后顺序来看,东亚古代的印刷术大致可分为雕版、活字与套色三种印刷术。2009年“中国雕版印刷技艺(China engraved block printing technique)”入选联合国教科文组织宣布的“人类口头和非物质遗产代表作名录”。据中国非物质文化遗产网介绍:雕版印刷技艺“开创了人类复印技术的先河,承载着难以计量的历史文化信息,在世界文化传播史上起着无与伦比的重要作用。”2010年“中国活字印刷术(Wooden movable-type printing of China)”入选联合国教科文组织宣布的“急需保护的非物质文化遗产名录”。据中国非物质文化遗产网介绍“中国的木活字印刷术是世界上最古老的印刷技术之一。浙江瑞安保持了这门技术,那里依然使用这种技术编印谱牒……。但从英文名称和中文介绍看,此项目仅涉及木活字,而印刷品也仅提及谱牒,完全没有述及其在世界史上的价值。与此同时,在西方学者撰写的世界史相关著作中,对以中国为核心的东亚活字印刷技艺的历史价值认识尚不够充分。