黄会荣++倪亮军++陈蓉蓉



文章编号:1000033X(2016)12011005
收稿日期:20160605
摘要:分析平地机工作装置零部件疲劳特性,基于MATLAB随机函数RANDN、RANDI和RANDPERM,对实际工况载荷进行拟合与仿真,利用雨流计数法简化随机载荷,提取雨流循环,并假设幅值服从威布尔分布,均值服从正态分布,构建平地机二维载荷谱。结果表明,仿真随机载荷与实际载荷近似等价;幅值与均值的分布假设成立,且二者相互独立;参数估计表明国外作业工况随机变化较大。
关键词:作业载荷谱;幅值;均值;雨流计数法
中图分类号:U415.516文献标志码:B
Analysis on Load Spectrum of Grader
HUANG Huirong,NI Liangjun,CHEN Rongrong
(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xian University of Architecture and Technology, Xian 710055, Shaanxi, China)
Abstract: The fatigue characteristics of the components of grader's working mechanism were analyzed. The load of grader in actual working conditions was simulated based on RANDN, RANDI and RANDPERM, the random functions of MATLAB. Rainflowcounting algorithm was applied to simplify the random load, and rainflow cycle was extracted. An assumption was made that the amplitudes follow the Weibull distribution, while the mean values follow a normal distribution, based on which the twodimensional spectrum for grader was built. The results show that the simulated random load is approximately equivalent to actual load; the assumption is proven to be true, and the amplitude and mean value are mutually independent; the results of parameter estimation show that the working conditions in foreign countries are more stochastic.
Key words: load spectrum; amplitude; mean value; rainflowcounting algorithm
0引言
平地机是以铲刀为主要工作装置的土方施工机械,主要进行大面积的平整作业和特殊环境施工作业[1]。国产平地机性能可靠,声誉较好,但是出口到东南亚、拉美、非洲等地工作半年后,工作装置的零部件会不同程度地出现疲劳失效[23]。在实际工作过程中,平地机作业工况复杂多变,其载荷幅值通常是不规则变化;然而,要准确分析平地机零部件的疲劳失效,必须充分考虑每种作业工况下的各种随机载荷,且载荷样本容量须足够大。因此,基于数学分析软件MATLAB模拟已知作业工况,可作为增加载荷样本容量的手段。
模拟作业工况随机载荷完毕,可用载荷均幅值与循环次数关系即载荷谱理论,等效载荷数据,构建对应时间历程。将实测载荷历程简化为等效的由恒幅载荷块组成的载荷谱,此类简化方法即“循环计数方法”(简称“计数法”)。美国材料实验协会(American Society of Testing Materials,简称ASTM)的标准《疲劳分析中循环计数的标准实施方法》(E1049—85)[4]中对常用循环计数方法有详细介绍,并按参数将循环计数法分为单参数和双参数2类[5]。……