刘建民+++胡小梅



摘 要:基于2000-2014年中国31个省域面板数据,文章运用空间杜宾模型(SDM)分别考察了财政收入分权和支出分权对产业结构升级的空间效应以及由此引致的策略性竞争效应。研究表明:财政分权等经济社会因素存在不可忽视的区域个体差异,这种差异导致产业结构升级在空间分布上具有显著的异质性特征。财政收入分权和支出分权对产业结构升级的影响呈现出非对称的空间溢出效应。一方面,财政收入分权对本地区产业结构升级的影响并不显著,而支出分权对本地区产业结构升级具有积极影响;另一方面,财政收入分权和支出分权对相邻地区产业结构升级均产生抑制效应,但较之于收入分权,支出分权的抑制效应更为明显。
关键词:财政收入分权;财政支出分权;产业结构升级;空间效应
Abstract: Based on panel data covering the period from 2000 to 2014 in Chinas 31 provinces, we empirically test the spatial effects of fiscal decentralization on upgrading of regional industrial structure with Spatial Durbin Model (SDM).The estimated results indicate that the regional differences of fiscal decentralization, other economic and social factors lead to significant spatial heterogeneity of the upgrading of industrial structure. There exists inconsistency in the spatial effects of fiscal expenditure decentralization and revenue decentralization on upgrading of industrial structure. On one hand, the effect of fiscal revenue decentralization on upgrading of industrial structure in local regions is not significant, while fiscal expenditure decentralization plays positive role in upgrading of industrial structure in local regions; on the other hand, the negative effect of fiscal expenditure decentralization on upgrading of industrial structure in neighboring regions is more significant than that of fiscal revenue decentralization.
Keywords: Fiscal revenue decentralization; Fiscal expenditure decentralization; Upgrading of the industrial structure; Spatial effects.
一、引 言
改革開放以来,以市场化为取向的经济体制改革极大地推进了产业结构调整与转型发展,产业结构升级正成为优化资源配置、提升区域创新能力、培育新的经济增长动力源的有效途径。以财政分权为核心的财政体制安排在产业发展过程中扮演着日益重要的角色。一方面,依靠财政制度安排与政策工具对产业结构调整发挥着“区位定向诱导”作用,促进各种资源要素在产业间与地区之间的配置、流动、扩散与溢出效应,并进一步推动区域产业结构升级的发展模式也取得了一定的成就;另一方面,财政分权会影响地方政府财政资源充裕程度及地方政府行为,过多或不当的地方政府干预会导致企业创新主体地位的丧失、区域产业布局同构化和恶性竞争愈发严重、产业转型速度与进程在区域间的差距日益扩大。……