不同剂量芬太尼在老年股骨颈手术患者麻醉前疗效对比

2017-07-13 20:45:43孙林
中外医疗 2017年14期

孙林

[摘要] 目的 探讨在老年股骨颈手术麻醉前静脉注射不同剂量芬太尼的疗效。方法 方便选取99例于2014年5月—2015年5月期间在该院择期行股骨颈手术患者,随机分为3组,即小剂量组、中剂量组、大剂量组,组内均有33例,3组静脉注射芬太尼的剂量分别为0.5、1、1.5 μg/kg,观察两组患者的疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)及Ramsay镇静深度(RSS评分)在不同时间点的变化以及手术过程中出现的相关不良反应。结果 3组VAS评分、RSS评分在t2、t3时均显著优于t1,而中剂量组、大剂量组在t2、t3时VAS评分、RSS评分显著优于小剂量组(P<0.05);手术过程中,大剂量组呼吸抑制、血压下降、心率减慢发生率分别为39.4%、27.3%及27.3%均显著高于中剂量组分别为9.1%、15.2%、12.1%(P<0.05)。结论 在老年股骨劲手术麻醉前静脉注射1 μg /kg芬太尼,镇痛、镇静效果确切,血流动力学波动小,且不良反应小,具有推广价值。

[关键词] 芬太尼;老年股骨颈手术;不同剂量

[中图分类号] R614 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2017)05(b)-0050-03

[Abstract] Objective To discuss the curative effect of different doses of fentanyl in senile patients with femoral surgery before anesthesia. Methods 99 cases of senile patients with selective femoral neck surgery admitted and treated in our hospital from May 2014 to May 2015 were conveniently selected and randomly divided into two three groups with 33 cases in each, namely the small-dose group, medium-dose group and large-dose group, and the injection dose of fentanyl was respectively 0.5,1,1.5 μg/kg, and the changes of VAS scores and RSS scores at different time points and related adrerse reactions in the operation course of the two groups were observed. Results The VAS score and RSS score at t2 and t3 were obviously better than those at t1, and the VAS score and RSS score at t2 and t3 in the large-dose group were obviously fewer than those in the small-dose group(P<0.05), in the operation course, the incidence rate of respiratory depression, fall of blood pressure and decreased heart rate in the large-dose group were obviously higher than those in the medium-dose group(39.4%,27.3%, 27.3% vs 9.1%,15.2%,12.1%)(P<0.05). Conclusion The analgesia and sedation effect of intravenous injection of 1 μg /kg fentanyl for senile patients with femoral surgery before anesthesia is definite with less haemodynamics fluctuation and adrerse reactions, which is of promotion value.

[Key words] Fentanyl; Senile patients with femoral neck surgery; Different doses

股骨頸骨折常见老年人,老年人由于常伴有高血压、糖尿病等慢性病,麻醉耐受力差,而股骨颈骨折手术术中出血多,手术时间较长,麻醉风险大,选择安全、有效的麻醉方法尤为重要。椎管内麻醉是临床常用的麻醉方法,应用于老年下肢手术时可降低深静脉血栓等并发症的发生,但由于剧烈疼痛,在麻醉前摆放体位时,患者往往难以配合,且疼痛也会影响患者的血流动力学。芬太尼是一种阿片类镇痛药物,在临床上应用广泛,但对于不同剂量芬太尼产生的疗效目前鲜有报道。为此,该研究通过对2014年5月—2015年5月期间在该院择期行股骨颈手术的99例患者资料进行回顾性分析,探讨在老年股骨颈手术麻醉前静脉注射不同剂量芬太尼的疗效,现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

方便选取99例于该院择期行股骨颈手术患者,患者均无椎管内麻醉禁忌,ASAⅡ~Ⅲ级,无使用枸缘酸芬太尼注射液禁忌证。……

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