青贮对苏丹草与甜高粱碳水化合物含量的影响

2017-07-13 15:17:33于景焕宣晶晶毕继文
安徽农学通报 2017年12期

于景焕 宣晶晶 毕继文

摘 要:目的:研究青貯对苏丹草与甜高粱碳水化合物的含量的影响,比较苏丹草与甜高粱的营养价值。结果:试验结果显示,青贮前,苏丹草品系Ⅳ的NDF含量是76.63%,高于苏丹草及甜高粱其他品系(p<0.05);甜高粱品系Ⅹ、Ⅺ的NDF含量分别是65.59%和66.20%,低于苏丹草及甜高粱其他品系(p<0.05),但两者之间差异不显著。甜高粱品系Ⅺ的NFC含量是19.66%,高于苏丹草及甜高粱其他品系(p<0.05)。苏丹草品系Ⅰ、Ⅱ的NFC含量分别是7.03%、8.52%,低于苏丹草及甜高粱其他品系(p<0.05),两者差异不显著。青贮后,苏丹草与甜高粱各品系与青贮前相比,苏丹草品系Ⅴ的NDF变化不显著,其余分别降低了13.5%、4.42%、4.76%、22.33%、10.21%、22.29%、28.37%、22.98%、36.18%、33.70%、38.04%、51.98%、21.73%、32.29%(p<0.05)。苏丹草品系Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ的ADF变化不显著,其余分别降低了16.24%、21.34%、19.29%、26.29%、26.48%、25.01%、31.77%、29.78%、44.61%、47.16%、22.31%、25.73%(p<0.05)。苏丹草品系Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ 以及甜高粱品系Ⅰ、Ⅳ的NFC变化不显著,其余分别提高了71.69%、87.90%、61.53%、47.29%、84.14%、87.17%、24.91%、18.14%、34.23%(p<0.05)。结论:青贮前,苏丹草品系Ⅳ的NDF含量最高,甜高粱品系Ⅰ的NFC最低;青贮后,甜高粱品系Ⅺ的NDF含量最低,苏丹草品系Ⅱ的NFC最高。青贮可以降低不同品系的苏丹草与甜高粱NDF、ADF的含量,提高NFC的含量,有利于苏丹草和甜高粱营养价值的提高。

关键词:苏丹草;甜高粱;碳水化合物;青贮

中图分类号 S816 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731(2017)12-0139-05

Abstract:The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of silage time on carbohydrate contents of Sorghum sudanense(Piper)Stapf. (SSPS)and sweet sorghum(SS). The results showed that for 0 month of silage,the NDF content of SSPS strain Ⅳ was 76.63%,which was higher than that of other strains of SSPS and SS(p<0.05).The NDF contents of SS strains X and XI was 65.59% and 66.20% respectively,which was lower than that of other strains of SSPS and SS(p<0.05),but no significant difference between X and XI. The content of NFC in the SS strain Ⅺ was 19.66%,which was higher than that of other strains of SSPS and SS(p<0.05). For strainsⅠandⅡin SSPS,their contents of NFC respectively were 7.03% and 8.52%,which were lower than that of other strains of SSPS and SS(p<0.05),but no significant difference betweenⅠandⅡ.Compared with the o month of silage time,after 12 months silage,the NDF of the SSPS strainⅤwas not significantly changed,but others decreased by 13.5%,4.42%,4.76%,22.33%,10.21%,22.29%,28.37%,22.98%,36.18%,33.70%,38.04%,51.98%,21.73% and 32.29%(p<0.05).Except strains of Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅴ in SSPS,the ADF of others decreased by 16.24%,21.34%,19.29%,26.29%,26.48%,25.01%,31.77%,29.78%,44.61%,47.16%,22.31% and 25.73%(p<0.05),respectively.The NFC contents among SSPS Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅴand Ⅶ and SSⅠand Ⅳ were no significant different,but the others were improved 71.69%,87.90%,61.53%,47.29%,84.14%,87.17%,24.91%,18.14% and 34.23%(p<0.05),respectively.The experiment indicated that NDF content of SSPS strain Ⅳ was the highest,and the NFC of SS strainⅠwas the lowest.After silage,the NDF content of SS strain XI was the lowest,and NFC ofⅡwas the highest.Silage could reduce the content of NDF and ADF contents of SSPS and SS,but could increase the content of NFC.

Key words:Sorghum sudanense(Piper)Stapf;Sweet sorghum;Carbohydrates;Silage

苏丹草与甜高粱属禾本科[1]植物。苏丹草最早产自于非洲,是近几十年才开始在中国有种植的区域[2],甜高粱最先是由澳大利亚研究出来的杂交品种,在近40年中国才对甜高粱开始进行研究,是一种新的能源作物[3]。苏丹草和甜高粱都具有很多优良特点,苏丹草为一年生的禾本科植物,有生长速度快,品质好,见效高,管理方便的优点。甜高粱颈柱较高,叶宽,含糖量高,每年产量丰富[4]。同时很容易种植,抗逆性强,也不会因为普通的自然灾害就影响收获。作为饲料使用时,转化率和利用率都很高,是饲养动物时的良好选择,饲喂的方式多种多样,可以青饲,干草,还可以青贮[5],在饲养动物方面使用的都十分广泛,所以苏丹草和甜高粱的经济价值都是相当高的[6],也是中国现代主要研究的饲草种类。同时苏丹草与甜高粱还有很多其他潜力,可以有更多的用途,这些还是需要以后慢慢研究发展[7]。

饲草是牛羊养殖的物质基础,尤其是优质饲草,不仅能够满足动物生长的需要,而且能够提高其生产性能。但是,我国牛羊产业的快速发展的同时,优质饲草紧缺的问题在我国就变得更加明显。……

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