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[摘要] 目的 調查医务人员静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)知信行现状及影响因素。 方法 采用自制医务人员VTE知信行问卷对2016年7月川北医学院附属医院共268名医务人员开展问卷调查。 结果 医务人员VTE态度维度得分较高,知识和行为维度得分较低。回归分析显示:性别、年龄、工作年限、学历是知识维度和行为维度的影响因素(知识维度调整后R2=0.356,F=13.421,P < 0.01;行为维度调整后R2=0.262,F=2.396,P < 0.05);工作年限是态度维度的影响因素(调整后R2=0.336,F=12.845,P < 0.01)。 结论 医务人员VTE知信行受较多因素影响,医务人员知信行水平亟待加强,医院管理者应建立规范化VTE防治与管理体系。
[关键词] 医务人员;静脉血栓栓塞症;知信行;影响因素
[中图分类号] R473.6 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2017)07(b)-0040-04
Study on knowledge, attitude, practice status and influencing factors of venous thromboembolism among medical staffs
LI Fengling1,2 JIANG Guolu3,4 LI Shanshan5 DENG Meihong6 CUI Lijun2
1.Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan Province, Nanchong 637000, China; 2.Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan Province, Nanchong 637000, China; 3.Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan Province, Nanchong 637000, China; 4.Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan Province, Nanchong 637000, China; 5.Department of ICU, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan Province, Nanchong 637000, China; 6.Department of Outpatient, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan Province, Nanchong 637000, China
[Abstract] Objective To explore the knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP) status and influencing factors of venous thromboembolism (VTE) among medical staffs. Methods A self-designed VTE KAP questionnaire for medical staffs was used to investigate 268 medical staffs from Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College in July 2016. Results The attitude of VTE had got higher scores, and the knowledge and practice of VTE had got lower scores. The regression analysis showed that the gender, age, working years and educational background were the influencing factors of knowledge and practice among medical staffs (adjusted R2=0.356, F=13.421, P < 0.01 in knowledge dimension; adjusted R2=0.262, F=2.396, P < 0.05 in practice dimension), and the seniority was the influencing factor of attitude among medical staffs (adjusted R2=0.336, F= 12.845, P < 0.01). Conclusion The VTE KAP of medical staffs is influenced by various factors. The VTE KAP of medical staffs need to be strengthened. Hospital managers should establish a standardized VTE prevention and management system.
[Key words] Medical staff; Venous thromboembolism; Knowledge-attitude-belief-practice; Influencing factors
静脉血栓栓塞症(venous thromboembolism,VTE)是指包括深静脉血栓形成(deep venousthrombosis,DVT)和肺血栓栓塞症(pulmonary thromboembolism,PTE)在内的一组疾病,是同一疾病在不同部位、不同发病阶段的不同表现[1]。DVT好发于下肢深静脉,以患肢肿胀、压痛等为主要临床表现。PTE以肺循环和呼吸功能障碍为其主要临床表现[2-3]。随着人民生活水平的不断提高,我国VTE发病率上升,VTE的防治受到了国际上的关注和重视[4]。临床患者有各种VTE危险因素,如高龄、肥胖、恶性肿瘤、骨折、麻醉及手术创伤、长期卧床、妊娠等,大体上分为静脉血流缓慢、血管内皮损伤、血液高凝状态三方面[1]。对VTE风险因素早期识别、早期预防,DVT相对风险可降低50%~60%,PTE相对风险可降低近2/3[1]。知信行模式(knowledge-attitude-belief-practice,KAP),即知识、态度、行为的简称,是一种目前以广泛运用于国内外健康教育的理论模式。目前,知信行模式研究对象以医务人员、医学生、患者为主,研究疾病以高血压、慢性阻塞性肺病、糖尿病等慢性病为主,在提高医务人员的知信行水平、提高患者依从性、减少并发症发生等方面取得了良好的效果[5-12]。……