陈勇++赵一飞++王宫



摘要:文章首先界定了创业的内涵,将创业成本划分为直接成本、间接成本、生活成本、机会成本以及社会关系成本;然后提出了创业成本评价指标体系,采用因子分析法和模糊层次分析法,以中国12大创新型城市进行实证分析。发现12个城市中的生活成本和直接成本的排名变动较小,机会成本与社会关系成本的排名变动比较大;直接成本与生活成本具有正相关性,与社会关系成本有负相关性。文章最后根据一二线城市创业成本的现状,提出降低创业成本,改善创业环境,吸引创业人才的政策建议。
关键词:创业成本;评价指标;因子分析;模糊层次分析法;政策建议
中图分类号:F290 文献标识码:A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-8256.2017.04.005
Study on the Entrepreneurial Cost of Chinese Innovative City
CHEN Yong,ZHAO Yifei,WANG Gong
(Shenzhen Research Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shenzhen 518057, Guangdong, China)
Abstract:The paper firstly defines the connotation of entrepreneurship, and divides the entrepreneurial cost into direct cost, indirect cost, living cost, opportunity cost and social relational cost. Then, the paper puts forward the evaluation index system of entrepreneurial cost, and adopts Factor Analysis Method and Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process to make an empirical analysis by Chinese 12 innovative cities. The living cost and indirect cost's ranking is relatively small, but the opportunity cost and the social relationship cost's ranking is relatively large; the direct cost has a positive correlation with the living cost, and a negative correlation with social cost. Finally, according to the current situation of the entrepreneurial cost in 12 cities, the paper puts forward some suggestions on how to reduce the cost of starting a business, improve the business environment and attract the entrepreneurial talents.
Keywords:Entrepreneurial cost; Evaluation index; Factor analysis; Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process; Policy recommendations
0 引言
2017年,美国先后退出TPP(跨太平洋伙伴关系协定)和巴黎协定,英国加速脱欧、韩国“萨德”事件等,使得经济贸易全球化受阻,为此各国的经济由出口拉动纷纷转向国内内需。为了寻求创新,德国率先发起工业4.0变革,从制造业的自动化转向智能化;欧美日也在大数据、3D打印、区块链技术、生物医药等技术进行创新;中国将“创新驱动成效显著”列入《十三五规划》,并作为今后五年经济社会发展的主要目标。创新创业活动能够增加社会经济单位的数量,扩大经济活动的范围和规模;是创造就业岗位的强大引擎,是解决就业问题最有效的途径之一。所以,鼓励创业活动是我国宏观经济政策的重要组成部分,已成为稳定经济增长、调整经济结构、缓解就业压力的重要举措。……