杨友良++胡少辉++赵丽宏++毛志强



摘 要:为了提高导引柔性,降低维护成本,将二维码技术应用到视觉导引AGV定位导航中。首先分析差速转向AGV运动学模型。将包含有坐标信息的二维码间隔一定距离粘贴到对应位置,车载工业相机捕捉到二维码图像后,返回二维码包含的AGV位置坐标并提取二维码特征点在图像坐标系中的坐标,通过坐标转换得到AGV位置偏差和角度偏差,进而对AGV两轮速度进行调整以实现纠偏,实验证明:基于二维码图像标签定位导航的视觉导引AGV定位精確,运行灵活稳定,可应用到作业现场。
关键词:二维码技术;视觉导引;差速转向AGV;定位导航
中图分类号:F253.9 文献标识码:A
Abstract: In order to improve the flexibility of navigation and reduce maintenance cost, two-dimensional code technology is applied to vision guided AGV positioning navigation. Firstly, the kinematic model of differential steering AGV is analyzed. Affixed the two-dimensional code contains coordinate information to the corresponding position at a certain distance, vehicle industrial camera to capture the two-dimensional code image, coordinate AGV coordinates return two-dimensional code contains two-dimensional code and extract the feature points in the image coordinate system, AGV position deviation and angle deviation obtained by coordinate transformation, and the two AGV the speed of adjustment to achieve rectification, prove that AGV car experiment: two-dimensional code label image positioning and navigation based on vision guided AGV precise positioning, flexible and stable operation, can be applied to the work site.
Key words: two-dimensional bar code technology; vision guidance; differential steering AGV; positioning navigation
0 引 言
自动导引车是一种以蓄电池为动力源,装有非接触控制导向装置的无人驾驶车辆,它可在出发地与目的地之间驾驶运行,广泛应用于自动化物流及柔性生产组织系统[1]。
国内的AGV研究起步较晚,随着经济发展与投入的加大,国内AGV技术发展迅速,AGV需求量居国际前列[2]。
根据导引方式的不同,AGV可分为激光导引、惯性导航、电磁导航、视觉导引等,激光导引成本较高,对环境要求较高。惯性导航成本较高,累积误差大。电磁导航与磁导航均需要埋设导引金属线,难以适应新的需求[3]。V—AGV利用CCD采集地面铺设的白色路标信息,经过对图像处理来识别路径,并根据车辆与路径轨迹之间相对位置的判断结果,来控制车辆运行方向的一种导引方式,由于计算机图形信息丰富,智能化水平较高,广泛应用于AGV自主导航[4]。……