张元祥 倪成员 吴军

摘 要:根据机械类专业自身的条件和特点,以学科竞赛和科技创新项目为载体,探索构建全程化的创新能力训练体系和创新创业教育课程体系,整合校内外资源打造一体化的创新创业实践平台,通过“引培结合、专兼相济、分类指导”建立全方位的创新创业师资队伍,形成创新创业训练、创新创业教育、创新创业实践、创新创业师资“四位一体”的机械类专业创新创业能力培养体系,提高了学生的创新精神、创业意识和创新创业能力。
关键词:机械类专业;创新创业;学科竞赛;科技创新项目
中图分类号:G642 文献标志码:A 文章编号:2096-000X(2018)24-0029-04
Abstract: According to the characteristics of mechanical major, the innovation and entrepreneurship abilities training system has been constructed based on university students' academic competition and science and technology innovation project. In this system, the comprehensive innovation ability training system and system of innovation and entrepreneurship education is constructed, integrating the internal and external resources to create an integrated innovation and entrepreneurship practice platform. Through the "combination of introduction and training, combination of specialty and specialty, and classified guidance", an all-round team of innovative entrepreneurship teachers is established, and a "four-in-one" system of innovative entrepreneurship training for mechanical specialty is formed, which includes innovation and entrepreneurship training, innovation and entrepreneurship education, innovation and entrepreneurship practice and innovation and entrepreneurship teachers. It has improved students' innovative spirit, entrepreneurial consciousness and innovation and entrepreneurial ability.
Keywords: mechanical major; innovation and entrepreneurship; academic competition; science and technology innovation project
培養大学生创新创业精神,提升大学生创新创业能力,是当前高校应用型本科教育的重要课题。《教育部财政部关于“十二五”期间实施“高等学校本科教学质量与教学改革工程”的意见》(教高〔2011〕6号)、《教育部关于全面提高高等教育质量的若干意见》(教高〔2012〕4号)和《国务院办公厅关于深化高等学校创新创业教育改革的实施意见》(国办发〔2015〕36号)文件都强调[1-3],大学生创新创业能力的提高离不开创新创业教育方法和理念的突破,以及创新创业教育的实践。只有切实加强大学生创新创业方面的训练,才能提高大学生解决实际问题的实践能力、创新精神和创业水平。大学生学科竞赛和科技创新项目是培养学生创新创业精神和提高实践能力的有效载体,有助于激发大学生的主动性、积极性和创造性,提高大学生的创新创业思维和实践能力,是高校实践教学的一种重要形式。……