电子货币具有创造货币的能力吗?

2018-07-31 09:18:22刘秀光
金融理论探索 2018年3期

刘秀光

摘 要:如果电子货币具有创造货币的能力,那么经济体系中的货币总量和经济主体持有的金融资产都将有所增加。但事实上,电子货币既不在中央银行的“货币统计概览”中,也不是银行资产负债表上金融资产的组成部分,公众的金融资产也没有因为使用电子货币交易而有所增加。同时,电子货币交易并不会影响中央银行调控经济体系中的货币供给量,也不会降低货币政策的有效性。之所以认为电子货币具有创造货币的能力,是因为对电子货币的本质和职能的认识存在偏差。实际上电子货币并不是脱离货幣的外生,而是依附于货币的存在,因此,电子货币并不具有创造货币的能力。只是电子货币交易掩盖了经济活动中的许多风险,由此增加了金融监管的难度。

关 键 词:电子货币;货币创造;基础货币;货币替代

中图分类号:F820 文献标识码:A 文章编号:2096-2517(2018)03-0016-08

DOI:10.16620/j.cnki.jrjy.2018.03.002

Abstract: If electronic currency has the ability to create money,the total currency amount in the economic system and financial assets held by economic entities will increase. In fact,electronic currency is neither in the “monetary statistics overview” of the central bank nor is component of the financial assets on the banks balance sheet. The public financial assets have not increased because of the use of electronic currency trading. At the same time, electronic currency trading will not affect the money supply that central bank regulated in the economic system, nor will it reduce the effectiveness of monetary policy. The reason why electronic currency has the ability to create money is that there is a deviation in the understanding of the essence and functions of electronic currency. Electronic currency does not have the ability to create money, and the key is to understand that electronic money is not exogenous from money, but depends on the existence of money. The transaction of electronic currency could cover many risks in economic activity, therefore financial supervision is becoming more difficult.

Key words: electronic currency;creation of money;basic currency;currency substitution

一、引言

在现代市场经济中,货币是如何投入经济的,或者是怎样被创造,又是怎样消失的,这就是“外生”与“内生”货币的争论。货币数量是应该由中央银行外生地决定且保持不变, 还是应该被视作一个内生变量并随着金融机构信用的扩张或收缩而改变其数量? 关于这些问题的争论至今仍然没有停止[1]。电子货币自问世以来就有不少谜团或争论,其中包括电子货币是“外生”的还是“内生”的。如果电子货币是“内生”的,它就能够像货币那样通过货币乘数来创造货币, 进而增加经济体系中的货币总量。……

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