摘 要:金融扶贫已成为我国扶贫开发战略的重要组成部分。通过协整检验、格兰杰因果检验对我国金融发展与绝对贫困程度的长期均衡关系进行研究,并利用脉冲响应函数分析金融规模、金融效率与相对贫困程度之间的动态响应关系,运用方差分解判断变量之间的相互作用及对其贡献率。结果表明,金融发展通过经济增长对缓解贫困的间接作用能够体现出来,城乡收入差距的缩小,贫困的减少,更多是需要金融效率的提升,金融资源的优化配置,而不是单纯追求金融资产数量的盲目扩大。
关 键 词:金融发展;减贫效应;金融效率;VAR模型
中图分类号:F832 文献标识码:A 文章编号:2096-2517(2018)03-0036-09
DOI:10.16620/j.cnki.jrjy.2018.03.004
Abstract: Financial poverty alleviation has become an important part of Chinas poverty alleviation development strategy. By using cointegration test and Granger causality test, the paper studied the long-term equilibrium relationship between financial development and absolute poverty in China, and analyzed the dynamic response relationship between financial scale, financial efficiency and relative poverty with impulse response function. The interaction and contribution rate of them was studied by variance decomposition. The results showed that the indirect effects of financial development on poverty alleviation through economic growth can be reflected. The narrowing of the income gap and the reduction of poverty require more financial efficiency and optimization of financial resources, rather than blindly expanding financial assets.
Key words:financial development; poverty reduction effect; cointegration test; VAR Model
一、引言
贫困问题是影响人类社会发展的重要问题,减少和消除贫困是发展中国家的一项长期任务。由于历史发展等原因, 我国逐渐形成城乡二元经济格局。改革开放以来,我国政府通过强有力的扶贫行动,经过体制改革推动扶贫、大规模开发式扶贫、八七扶贫攻坚、巩固成果综合开发和脱贫攻坚五个阶段,我国扶贫事业取得了巨大成就,农村贫困状况得到很大缓解。 但是在脱贫攻坚方面我国面临的压力和挑战依然很大, 贫困人口总体规模仍然较大,扶贫成本高。贫困地区异地搬迁、基础设施、产业发展等,需要集中大量资金投入。资金约束一直是制约贫困地区和人口脱贫的一个重要因素。
发展农村金融,加强对扶贫开发的金融支持,是减少农村贫困的有效途径之一。……