ICU美容护理措施对重症外伤患者的护理效果及瘢痕产生状况的影响

余珊 叶丽

[摘要]目的：探究ICU美容護理措施对重症外伤患者的护理效果及瘢痕产生状况的影响。方法：根据护理措施的不同，将2015年12月-2016年12月接受治疗的68例患者作为对照组，2017年1月-2017年12月的67例患者作为观察组。对照组采用常规护理措施，观察组在对照组的基础上采用美容护理措施。护理结束后，对两组患者治疗后瘢痕的发生情况进行分析，记录并比较两组患者的伤口准备缝合时间、伤口愈合评分以及伤情评估时间，比较两组患者的恢复满意度和护理期间不良事件的发生情况。结果：观察组瘢痕发生率为1.49%低于对照组的10.29%，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组伤口准备缝合时间、伤情评估时间均少于对照组，伤口愈合评分高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组恢复满意率为88.06%高于对照组的51.47%，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组护理期间不良事件发生率为2.99%低于对照组的13.24%，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：ICU美容护理措施能够明显降低重症外伤患者术后瘢痕发生率，提高患者恢复速度，降低不良事件发生率，提高患者护理满意度。

[关键词]美容护理；外伤；ICU；瘢痕；护理效果

[中图分类号]R47 [文献标志码]B [文章编号]1008-6455（2018）06-0141-03

Abstract： Objective To explore the effect of ICU beauty care measures on the nursing effect and scar formation of patients with severe trauma. Methods According to the different nursing measures， 68 patients received treatment from December 2015 to December 2016 were treated as the control group， and 67 patients received treatment form January 2017 and December 2017 were treated as the observation group. The patients in the control group were treated with routine nursing measures， and the observation group adopted the beauty care measures on the basis of the control group to take care of the patients. After nursing， the incidence of scar formation after treatment in the two groups was analyzed. The wound preparation， suture time， wound healing score and injury assessment time were recorded and compared between the two groups. The recovery satisfaction and incidence of adverse events during the nursing period were compared between the two groups. Results The incidence of scar formation in the observation group was 1.49%， which was lower than that in the control group（10.29%）， the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. The wound preparation， suture time and injury assessment time in the observation group were less than those in the control group， and the wound healing score was higher than that in the control group（P<0.05）. The recovery satisfaction rate of the observation group was 88.06% higher than that of the control group （51.47%， P<0.05）. The incidence of adverse events in the observation group was 2.99% lower than that in the control group （13.24%， P<0.05）. Conclusion ICU nursing measures can significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative scar in patients with severe trauma， improve the recovery rate of patients， reduce the incidence of adverse events， and improve the patient's nursing satisfaction.

Key words： beauty care； trauma； ICU； scar； nursing effect

随着经济的发展，人们生活水平提高，在日常生活和工作中因车祸、机器操作不当等因素引起的创伤患者也日益增多，有报告指出，创伤已经成为一种影响人类寿命的关键因素。皮肤受到创伤后，患者的上皮细胞、内皮细胞和纤维细胞等多种细胞快速增殖分化以形成肉芽组织，随着肉芽组织的逐渐成熟其最终形成瘢痕。研究显示，瘢痕在皮肤修复过程中起着重要作用，没有瘢痕的形成皮肤创伤就不会被修复[1]。但瘢痕的形成会对患者的外貌和身心造成影响，而ICU患者多为重症患者，受伤面积大、不宜恢复是其主要特点。随着生活水平的提高，患者对外伤后恢复要求越来越高，常规护理措施已经不能满足患者的外貌恢复要求，因此需要一种新的护理方法对患者进行护理[2-3]。……