邵玉丽 仝连芳 尹洪俊
摘要 随着市场经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高,无公害产品的需求量越来越大,同时无公害产品的生产也逐渐显示出优势。选好生产基地,并配合应用无公害栽培技术是生产无公害产品的关键。本文从种植地块选择、品种选择、整地做畦、育苗、定植、田间管理以及病虫害防治等方面总结了洋葱无公害优质高产栽培技术,以期为实现洋葱无公害种植优质高产提供借鑒。
关键词 洋葱;无公害;优质;高产;栽培技术
中图分类号 S633.2 文献标识码 B 文章编号 1007-5739(2018)16-0070-01
High Quality and High Yield Cultivation Techniques of Pollution-free Onions
SHAO Yu-li TONG Lian-fang YIN Hong-jun
(Bincheng District Agricultural Bureau of Bingzhou City in Shandong Province,Binzhou Shandong 256600)
Abstract With the development of market economy and the improvement of people′s living standard,the demand for pollution-free products is increasing,and the production of pollution-free products also shows its advantages gradually.Choosing a good production base and cooperating with the pollution-free cultivation techniques is the key to produce pollurion-free products.In this paper,high quality and high yield cultivation techniques of pollution-free onions were analyzed,including planting plot selection,variety selection,soil preparation,timely nursery,timely planting,field man-agement,diseases and insect pests control,so as to provide references for the realization of high quality and high yield of pollution-free onions.
Key words onion;pollution-free;high quality;high yield;cultivation technique
洋葱(Allium cepa L.)是百合科葱属多年生草本植物,鳞茎粗大,近球状;纸质至薄革质,内皮肥厚,肉质;叶片圆筒状,中空,中部以下最粗,向上渐窄,较花葶短;花葶粗壮,高可达1 m,伞形花序球状,具多而密集的花,花粉白色;花被片具绿色中脉,矩圆状卵形,花丝等长,子房近球状,腹缝线基部具有帘的凹陷蜜穴;5—7月开花结果。现对洋葱无公害优质高产栽培技术总结如下。
1 种植地块选择
种植地块宜选择有洋葱种植历史、洋葱种植高产稳产区,气候特点上表现为适合洋葱生长,且区别于一般作物的独特生态区,土壤特点以砂土及轻黏土为宜,要求地势平坦、排灌方便、结构适宜、理化性状好、耕层深厚、有机质含量高。
产地环境条件应符合《无公害食品蔬菜产地环境条件》(NY 5010—2002)[1]要求,周边2 km内无污染源;对土壤中铅、砷、汞、铬、镉、六六六、DDT等监测结果符合无公害农产品生产基地要求;水源上游10 km范围内无污染源,下游及其他方向5 km范围内无污染源,对产地内水源的pH值、铅、砷、汞、铬、氰化物、高锰酸盐等指标指数,以及化学需氧量、类大肠菌群等项目进行监测分析,要求符合无公害产品生产基地灌溉水质标准。……