杨一鹏 朱健 储冰峰 张生来
摘 要 甲状腺肿瘤为人体最常见的肿瘤类型之一,其发生率逐年升高,原因可能涉及多个方面。甲状腺肿瘤的性质和病理类型多样,对其进行鉴别诊断是指导日后治疗和随访的关键。本文概要介绍数种主要的甲状腺肿瘤鉴别诊断手段,分析每种鉴别诊断手段的特点及适用范围,以期为甲状腺外科临床工作提供参考。
关键词 甲状腺肿瘤 鉴别诊断 临床工作
中图分类号:R736.1; R730.4 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2018)19-0003-03
Differential diagnosis of thyroid tumor
YANG Yipeng, ZHU Jian, CHU Bingfeng, ZHANG Shenglai*(Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China)
ABSTRACT Thyroid tumor is one of the most common tumors in the human body. Its morbidity is becoming higher and higher and the reasons may involve in multiple aspects. There are many types of thyroid tumor and differential diagnosis is the key to the treatment and the follow-up of thyroid tumor. Several major differential diagnosis methods for thyroid tumors were outlined in this article and the characteristics and scope of each differential diagnosis method were analyzed so as to provide reference for the clinical work of thyroid surgery.
KEy WORDS thyroid tumor; differential diagnosis; clinical work
甲状腺肿瘤为人体最常见的肿瘤类型之一,近年其发生率有明显上升的趋势,分析原因可能与环境污染、高碘及低碘饮食、生活及工作压力增加、检查手段的进步与人们健康意识的提高等因素有关。尤其是甲状腺恶性肿瘤的发病率也逐年提高,目前已占全部恶性肿瘤发病率的约1%,成为人体第7大恶性肿瘤类型[1-2]。在甲状腺肿瘤患者中,女性的比例明显高于男性,有多发病灶的明显多于仅有单发病灶的。大多数甲状腺肿瘤患者的肿瘤体积较小,体表不可扪及。对甲状腺肿瘤进行鉴别诊断是指导日后治疗和随访的关键。本文概要介绍几种主要的甲状腺肿瘤鉴别诊断手段。
1 病史及体检
甲状腺肿瘤患者的病史长短差异很大,少数患者的肿瘤于短期内发生并迅速增大,大多数患者的病程则较长,通常在早期阶段未被发现而是至后期出现症状后才被发现,也有在常规体检中被发现、但在随访过程中处于长期稳定状态的情况。……