李茂岚 赵铭宁 刘颖斌
摘 要 胆囊癌是胆道系统最常见的恶性肿瘤类型,发病率在我国逐年升高。由于胆囊癌无特异性临床表现,致使诊出时其患者多已属中晚期。外科手术仍是唯一可能治愈胆囊癌的治疗手段,但根治性切除率低,患者预后差。随着胆道系统解剖结构的阐明、医学影像学技术的持续进步、精准胆道外科理念的实施、胆道外科技术的创新与改进,现代胆道外科已得到快速发展。本文结合本单位胆囊癌外科治疗的经验,介绍胆囊癌外科治疗发展的概况。
关键词 胆囊癌 外科治疗 根治术
中图分类号:R735.8; R730.56 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2018)19-0009-03
Changes in the concept of surgical treatment of gallbladder cancer*
LI Maolan, ZHAO Mingning**, LIU Yingbin**(Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China)
ABSTRACT Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common malignant tumor in the biliary tract system and its incidence has been increasing year by year in China. Because of no specific clinical manifestation, most of the patients are undiagnosed until intermediate or advanced stage. Surgical operation is still the only possible therapy to cure GBC. However, most patients lose the chance of radical resection of GBC and have a poor prognosis. With the elucidation of systematic anatomy of the biliary tract, the progress of modern medical imaging technology, and the improvement of biliary surgery technology, modern biliary surgery has been rapidly developed. In this article, we summarize the experience by reviewing the related literature on diagnosis and treatment of GBC and the clinical data of GBC patients who were treated in our hospital.
KEy WORDS gallbladder cancer; surgical therapy; radical operation
胆囊癌是胆道系统最常见的恶性肿瘤类型,其发病率在所有消化系统恶性肿瘤中位列第6位[1]。胆囊癌的恶性程度高且易复发、转移,故预后差,患者的5年生存率仅5% ~ 15%[2]。近年来,随着人民生活水平提高、饮食结构变化以及人口老龄化,胆囊癌的发病率逐年升高,已引起临床高度关注。不过,由于缺乏有效的辅助治疗手段,外科手术仍是目前唯一可能治愈胆囊癌的治疗手段。但因胆囊癌诊出时往往已处于进展期并可能伴随黄疸等病理生理学改变,加之其周围解剖结构关系复杂,胆囊癌手术一直是胆道外科的难点。在以最小的创伤、最大的器官功能保护、最佳的康复效果为目标的精准外科理念的指导下,现胆囊癌外科治疗模式已发生了极大的改变,即:在精准外科理念的指导下,以肿瘤TNM分期为依据,对胆囊癌手术治疗的全要素进行系统性优化,以同步实现目标病灶清除最大化和患者康复效果最佳的目标。……