抓住三类词，搞定七选五

许树新

七選五阅读重点考查考生正确判断句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系的能力，难度较大。从2017年广东高考年报的数据看，2017年的七选五阅读的难度相对较大，其中36题，难度系数0.33，低于当年选择题的难度系数0.51。有的考生做七选五时感到比较吃力，甚至找不到做题的方向。究其原因，是没有把握七选五的命题特点，也没有掌握七选五的做题技巧。

每一篇文章的语篇逻辑主要是靠话语标记即具体的词语来衔接的，我们只要抓住语篇中的这些话语标记，就能掌握解开这类题型的钥匙。在笔者看来，这样的话语标记主要有三类词。

一、代词

代词是语篇衔接中最直观的话语标记，每一个代词总是有所指代的，而且代词还涉及人称和数的问题，这些都能够成为解题的关键线索之一。主要是人称代词（例如it，he，she，they）、指示代词（this，that，these，those）和不定代词（例如some，other，another）。

近三年高考全国卷Ⅰ卷中出现的代词有：they，them，you，the ones，it，another，I，me，one等。

[2018年真题] Over the years， there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.      37     ， they can get a little complex. But good news is that therere really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home： the small ones， the medium ones， and the large ones.

答案：A. While all of them are useful

分析：做题时应该找出A选项中的them以及37题逗号后面的they，对比第一句中的different techniques，他们之间存在指代关系，指代内容一致。

[2018年真题]Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofa， dinner tables or bookshelves.      39     . They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones， and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.

答案：G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways

分析：做题时应该找出G选项中的color choices in this range，题号39前句中的medium color choices以及题号39后句中的they。in this range指代的是前文的medium color choices，they指代的选项中的color choices in this range。

[2017年真题]The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer.     37      We sleep in a tent， cooked over an open fire， and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work， recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctors bill for my sons food poisoning.

答案：C. The trip they took me on was a rough one.

分析：做题时先找出选项C中的代词they，me和one。they 指代前文的the friends，me和前文的me一致。后文的We指代 the friends and me。

二、衔接词

这里的衔接词是指表示语篇逻辑关系的副词或者连词，如however，therefore，though等。它们是选出正确答案的重要线索之一。一般而言，这些语篇衔接词往往表示以下逻辑关系，例如并列、选择、递进、因果、转折、让步和时间等。

近三年高考题中出现的衔接词有：or， but， and， whether，while， whatever， if， so， nevertheless， instead， since， recently，even， this time， since then， however， after the trip， also， as long as等。

[2018年真题]Color is fundamental in home design— something youll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms youll love to live in. Do you want a room thats full of life？ Professional？ Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day？     36     ， color is the key to make a room feel the way you want it to feel.

答案：B. Whatever youre looking for

分析：做題时先找出选项B中的衔接词whatever，以及题号36前文的or。通过分析可以得知or表示的是你寻找喜欢的房间的三种选择，选项中的whatever表示无论是何种选择，表示让步关系，引出下文颜色是关键。

[2018年真题]The large color decision in your rooms concern the walls， ceilings， and floors. Whether youre looking at wallpaper or paint， the time， effort and relative expense put into it are significant.      40     .

答案：F. So it pays to be sure， because you want to get it right the first time

分析：做题时先把选项F中的so和题号40前文的whether圈出来。通过分析得出，上文提及的付出时间、精力和花费是有意义的和下文的值得之间构成因果关系。

[2017年真题]If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping，I would have laughed heartily. Campers， in my eyes， were people who enjoyed insect bites， ill-cooked meals， and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me.      36     .

答案：D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then， however.

分析：做题时先圈出选项D中的衔接词since then 和however。通过分析前文可以得知，作者三年以前对于camping是持否定态度的，since then 和however表示作者对于camping的态度开始转变。

[2017年真题]I was， nevertheless， talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness.     38     Instead， we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.

答案：A. This time there was no tent.

分析：做题时先圈出选项A中的衔接词this time以及题号38下文的instead。通过分析得出，this time表示时间概念，指的是这一次的露营。instead强调转折关系，说明这些词露营用的不是帐篷而是露营车。

[2017年真题]     39     We have done a lot of it since. Recently， we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom， a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.

答案：F. After the trip， my family became quite interested in camping.

分析：做题时，先找出选项F中的衔接词after the trip以及题号39下文中的衔接词since和代词we。通过分析得出，after the trip表示时间关系和下文的副词since表示的意义相同。同时，通过代词we得知，we指的就是选项中的my family，指代一致。

三、体现句意的核心词

相邻的两个句子中必然有信息的重叠，这是它们能够成功推进的前提条件，也是体现语篇前后连贯的关键所在。所以，只要抓住前后句子的核心词，就能根据语篇连贯的原则来确定前后句子的相关性，从而判断七选五选项的正确与否。

[2018年真题]     38     . Theyre the little spots of color like throw pillows， mirrors and baskets that most of us used to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa， small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.

答案：D. Small color choices are the ones were most familiar with

分析：做題时，找出选项中的Small color choices 这几个核心关键词，这几个关键词代表的主题和下文的主题是一致的，例如下一句的代词they以及再下一句的主语small color choices，所以可以判断出段落主要在讲small color choices。

[2017年真题]     40     It must be true that sooner or later， everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style.

答案：E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.

分析：做题时，找出选项中的enjoy camping这两个核心词。上文描述了作者对野营活动由抵触到感兴趣的过程。从第三段和第四段的another fun-filled holiday，quite interested以及 have done a lot of it可以看出作者喜欢上了野营。此空是最后一段的开始句，起到总结作用，可知作者完全喜欢上了野营活动。

从以上对2017和2018的真题分析可以看出，只要抓住代词、衔接词以及核心词这三类词，把握句子与句子之间的语义推进关系，就能很好完成七选五这个题型的解题任务。后文是2016年的高考七选五真题。同学们可以根据以上的方法进行练习验证。

2016年全国卷七选五真题

Secret codes（密码）keep messages private. Banks， companies， and government agencies use secret codes in doing business， especially when information is sent by computer.

People have used secret codes for thousands of years.    36    Code breaking never lags（落后）far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.

There are three main types of cryptography.      37     For example， the first letters of“My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message“Meet me.”

38     You might represent each letter with a number， for example. Lets number the letters of the alphabet， in order， from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter， the message “Meet me”would read“13 55 20 13 5.”

A code uses symbols to replace words， phrases， or sentences. To read the message of a real code， you must have a code book.

39     For example，“bridge”might stand for“meet”and “out”might stand for“me.”The message“bridge out”would actually mean “Meet me.”     40     However， it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.

A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book.

B. In any language， some letters are used more than others.

C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.

D. As long as there have been codes， people have tried to break them.

E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.

F. With a code book， you might write down words that would stand for other words.

G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.

答案：36-40DEGFA