基于解释结构模型的校企合作影响因素分析

魏道江

摘要：为了系统分析校企合作影响因素之间的关系，文章从技术、社会、个人、组织、高校等五个方面对校企合作影响因素进行梳理，在此基础上建立校企合作影响因素的解释结构模型，并运用MICMAC分析法对校企合作影响因素进行分类。结果表明：高校因素是決定校企合作成功与否的最根本因素，其中，合作历史因素对企业参与校企合作行为的驱动性最强，是决定校企合作成功与否的最重要因素。研发需求因素是企业参与校企合作的最直接动因，社会因素和个人因素均不是制约校企合作的关键因素，但通过改善两种因素有利于更好地促成校企合作。组织因素对企业参与校企合作行为的影响较为直接，因此，改善组织因素能够对校企合作起到立竿见影的效果，但若要从根本上改变校企合作现状，还需从驱动要素上下功夫。

Abstract： In order to analyze the relationship between influence factors of school-enterprise cooperation， the article cardings systematically the existing literature on influencing factors of school-enterprise cooperation from five aspects of technical， social， personal， organizational and collegiate. Then， an interpretive structural modeling is established and MICMAC analysis is taken. Some conclusions have been arrived as follows： the collegiate factors are the basic factor which determine the success of school-enterprise cooperation， and especially， the history of cooperation is the strongest driven and the most important factor. The factor of research and development needs is enterprises' most direct cause of participating in school-enterprise cooperation. Both the social factor and the personal factor aren't the key factors in influencing the cooperation. But it's useful to the cooperation through improving the above two factors. The influence of organizational factor is so direct that it can be achieved an immediate effect through improving the organizational factor. However， in order to change the status quo of school-enterprise cooperation radically， we should concentrate the efforts on the driven factors.

关键词：校企合作;影响因素;解释结构模型;MICMAC分析

Key words： school-enterprise cooperation;influencing factors;interpretive structural modeling;MICMAC analysis

中图分类号：G647                                        文献标识码：A                                  文章编号：1006-4311（2019）16-0143-05

0  引言

校企合作是学校与企业两个核心组织通过知识、技术、人员及设备的转移，实现校企双方利益最大化的一种社会项目[1]。一直以来，校企合作被认为是高校人才培养、科学研究、社会服务的一条重要途径。《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要（2010-2020年）》明确指出，“要大力推行工学结合、校企合作的人才培养模式”。但目前大多数校企合作仅仅停留在浅层次上，以学校为主体，企业处于配合地位的“校热企冷”现象非常普遍，究其原因是企业对校企合作缺乏参与的积极性。……