不同年型下冬小麦适宜播期及密度研究

王兰　王良　刘肖瑜　李学国　焦进宇　张豆豆　陈国庆

摘要：為探索气候变化背景下的小麦适宜播期和密度，明确不同年型下不同播期和密度对小麦群体性状和产量的影响，以1951-2015年泰安地区的气象数据为基础，根据冬前积温划分出不同年型，并利用DSSAT模型进行不同播期（10月3日、10月8日、10月13日、10月18日、10月23日、10月28日）和密度（每公顷分别为150万、180万、210万、240万、270万、300万）下的小麦生长模拟。结果表明：偏暖年型，该地冬小麦最适播期在10月13日左右，正常年型最适播期在10月8日左右，偏冷年型在10月3日左右;在一定种植密度范围内，小麦产量随密度增大而增加，适宜密度（基本苗）为300万/h㎡;小麦总茎数和叶面积指数随播期推迟和密度减少而减少;各播期下小麦总茎数均表现为偏暖年型>正常年型>偏冷年型。偏冷年型小麦总茎数随密度增大而增多，偏暖和正常年型低密度条件下小麦通过调节作用也可获得较高的总茎数。播期、密度对产量、穗粒数和单位面积穗数的影响均达极显著;年型与播期的交互作用对穗粒数和千粒重影响极显著，对产量和穗数影响显著;播期与密度的交互作用对产量的影响达显著水平。

关键词：冬小麦;DSSAT;播期;年型;种植密度

Study on Suitable Sowing Time and Density ofWinter Wheat under Different Year TypesWang Lan， Wang Liang， Liu Xiaoyu， Li Xueguo， Jiao Jinyu， Zhang Doudou， Chen Guoqing

Abstract

In order to explore the optimal sowing date and appropriate planting density of wheat under thebackground of climate change， the effects of different sowing date and planting density on the population traitsand yield of wheat under different year types were studied. Based on the meteorological data of Taian regionfrom 1951 to 2015 ， different year types were classified according to the pre-winter accumulated temperature.The DSSAT model was used to simulate wheat growth at different sowing dates （ October 3 rd ， October 8th， Oc-tober 13th， October 18th， October 23th， October 28th） and densities （1.5 miillion/h㎡ ， 1.8 million/hm2 ，2.1 miillion/h㎡ ， 2.4 million/hm2 ， 2.7 million/hm2 and 3.0 million/hm2） . The results showed that the bestsowing date for winter wheat was around October 13th in warm years ， October 8th in normal year and October3th in cold years. In a certain planting density range， the wheat yield increased with the increase of plantingdensity， the optimum density was 3.0 million/hm2. The total stem number and leaf area index of wheat de-creased with the delay of sowing date and the decrease of density. Under each sowing date， the total number ofwheat stems presented as warm years > normal years > cold years. In cold years， the total stem numbers ofwheat increased with the increase of density， while in warm or normal years， that might be high by self - regu-lation under low density. There was very significant difference in vield under different sowing time and densi-ties as well as in grain number and panicle number per unit area. The grain number per ear and thousand -seed weight were influenced extremely significantly and the yield and panicle number were influenced signifi-cantly by interaction between year type and sowing date. The interaction between sowing date and density hada significant effect on yield.

Keywords Winter wheat; DSSAT; Sowing date; Year type; Planting density

全球气候整体呈增暖趋势，冬前积温升高使得小麦拔节期提前，易遭受低温灾害的威胁[1，2]，不利于小麦的高产稳产。加上气候变化的不稳定性，冷暖变化剧烈，极端气候频繁发生[3]，传统的小麦栽培技术已不适应变化的气候条件[4]。播期和播量是影响小麦群体性状和产量的重要因素，适宜播期可以充分利用光、热、水资源，有利于培育壮苗，适宜播量可以构建合理的群体结构，利于穗数、穗粒数和粒重的协调发展[5]。因此对气……