国内客车顶盖骨架焊装技术现状研究

喻红梅 钟月红 刘海琼 王焱盛 魏燕红 陆艳红 张小山

摘要：车身焊接工艺及装备水平影响客车整体质量和生产效率，其中骨架制造过程中，焊接方法、焊接顺序、焊胎设计的选择是保证焊接质量的主要措施。结合国内大型客车车身焊装技术装备现况，典型的客车顶盖骨架，由5大片或6大片组成，客车顶盖的骨架材料逐渐采用低合金高强高，以及铝合金材料。为了解决应力和变形问题，焊接方法广泛采用低飞溅、高效的MAG焊以及脉冲焊。在焊接工艺装备方面逐步发展为通用化、模块化、柔性化。初步探析客车车身焊装技术装备的发展趋势。

关键词：客车;骨架;焊接技术;工艺装备

中图分类号：TG441文献标志码：A

文章编号：2095-5383（2020）04-0013-04

A Summary of Current Status of Welding Technology for the

Roof Frame of Domestic Passenger Cars

YU Hongmei1， ZHONG Yuehong2，LIU Haiqiong1，WANG Yansheng2，

WEI Yanhong1， LU Yanhong1， ZHANG Xiaoshan1

（1. School of Materials and Environmental Engineering， Chengdu Technological University， Chengdu 611730， China;

2. Chengdu Bus Co. Ltd.， Chengdu 611730， China）

Abstract： Body welding technology and equipment level affect the overall quality and production efficiency of passenger cars. Inthe frame manufacturing process， the selection of welding method， welding sequence and welding tire design are the main measures to ensure welding quality. By analyzing the current status of welding technology and equipment for domestic large passenger car bodies， it can be seen that a typical passenger car roof frame is composed of 5 large pieces or 6 large pieces， and the frame material generally uses low-alloy and high-strength materials and aluminum alloy materials. In order to solve the problem of stress and deformation， low-spatter， high-efficiency MAG welding and pulse welding are widely used in welding methods. The welding process equipment has gradually developed into generalization， modularization and flexibility.Finally， the development trend of welding technology and equipment for passenger car body was analyzed.

Keywords：

bus; body; welding technology; craft equipment

我國的客车制造技术与国外还有相当大的差距。国外的知名客车企业，如德国的奔驰、曼·凯斯鲍尔、尼奥普兰、法国的雷诺、意大利的依维柯、瑞典的沃尔沃和斯堪尼亚等企业的生产技术已经非常成熟，基本已经达到全电子化[1-2]，而我国的大部分客车企业仍然是机械式的管理系统，自动化水平都不是很高。客车行业小批量、多样化的特点，使得客车车身骨架在制造过程中，尤其是顶盖骨架工序复杂，工装多、杂、乱，不仅占用场地，而且存在维护管理困难、利用率低、成本高、精度低等问题[3-5]。本文比较了目前国内客车骨架结构类型、装配制造的焊接工艺及装备现状，并总结了目前顶盖骨架工胎夹具等柔性化、通用化、模块化等方面的发展趋势。……