输血对胃癌手术患者预后影响的meta分析

2020-04-20 10:39古力帕日·克力木张蕾
中国医药导报 2020年7期
关键词:围术生存率检索

古力帕日·克力木 张蕾

[摘要] 目的 评价围术期外源性输血(ABT)对胃癌手术患者预后的影响。 方法 计算机检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、EMBASE、Highwire生物医学数据库,收集2000年1月~2019年1月研究围术期ABT对胃癌手术患者预后影响的临床对照试验。采用Stata 12.0版本软件进行meta分析,系统评价围术期ABT对5年生存率、肿瘤复发率、术后并发症发生率的影响。 结果 共纳入20篇高质量相关文献。与非输血组比较,ABT组患者5年生存率降低(OR = 0.47,95%CI:0.39~0.56,P = 0.005),肿瘤复发率(OR = 2.09,95%CI:1.35~3.25,P = 0.000)和術后并发症发生率升高(OR = 2.40,95%CI:1.81~3.19,P = 0.000),差异有统计学意义。 结论 围术期ABT对胃癌手术患者预后产生不良影响。

[关键词] 外源性输血;胃癌手术;5年生存率;肿瘤复发;术后并发症

[中图分类号] R735.2          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1673-7210(2020)03(a)-0098-05

[Abstract] Objective To evaluate affects about perioperative allogenenic blood transfusion (ABT) on the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer surgery. Methods PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Highwire biomedical databases were retrieved by computer, and clinical controlled trials from January 2000 to January 2019 to study the effect of perioperative ABT on the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer surgery were collected. A meta-analysis was performed using Stata version 12.0 software to systematically evaluate the effects of perioperative ABT on 5-year survival, tumor recurrence, and postoperative complications. Results A total of 20 high-quality related literatures were included. Compared with the non-transfusion group, the 5-year survival rate of patients in the ABT group was reduced (OR = 0.47, 95%CI: 0.39-0.56, P = 0.005), while the tumor recurrence rates (OR = 2.09, 95%CI: 1.35-3.25, P = 0.000) and the incidence of postoperative complications were increased (OR = 2.40, 95%CI: 1.81-3.19, P = 0.000), and the differences were statistically significant. Conclusion Perioperative ABT can adversely affect the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer surgery.

[Key words] Allogenenic blood transfusion; Gastrointestinal cancer surgery; Five-year survival rate; Tumor recurrence rate; Postoperative complication rate

胃肠肿瘤是一项重要的世界健康问题,其中胃癌是世界上常见的恶性肿瘤之一[1-2],执行肿瘤根治手术是该疾病患者的首选治疗方法[3]。目前,越来越多的证据显示,围术期进行外源性输血(ABT)对肿瘤患者预后产生负面影响[4],但针对这一问题仍有很大争议[5-6]。因此,本研究针对围术期ABT对胃癌手术患者预后影响这一问题进行了新的系统性回顾和meta分析,更加全面地评估和更新相关参考文献,以期为临床研究提供理论依据。

1 资料与方法

1.1 资料检索

查阅2000年1月~2019年1月关于围术期ABT与胃癌手术患者预后关系的文献。具体检索方法:计算机检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、EMBASE、Highwire生物医学数据库。英文检索词包括:Perioperative,Allogenenic Blood Transfusion,Clinical Outcome,Gastric Carcinoma,Gastric Cancer,Stomach Cancer,Carcinoma of Stomach。

1.2 纳入及排除标准

文献纳入标准:①研究对象。评价ABT与胃癌手术患者预后之间的关系;②ABT组与非输血组比较的临床对照试验;③如果数据在同一时期或同一科研团队进行了多次报告与更新,则仅选择最新一次研究或数据样本最大。排除标准:①自体输血者或未进行手术;②提供信息不完整;③质量较低。

1.3 观察指标

主要观察指标:5年生存率、肿瘤复发率和术后并发症发生率。针对各个研究收集第一作者姓氏、出版年份及国家等信息。

1.4 质量评估

根据纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表(NOS)评估纳入研究的质量,NOS评分≥7分研究被定义为高质量研究,最高分为9分[7]。本研究仅纳入高质量研究。

1.5 统计学方法

本研究用Stata 12.0软件对所得数据进行meta分析。计数资料采用Mantele-Haenszel法合并OR值及95%CI,采用Egger法检测发表偏倚情况。先对纳入研究进行临床异质性检验,若各研究之间无异质性(I2 < 50%,P < 0.05),選择固定效应模型,否则选择随机效应模型。通过敏感性分析,进一步探究文章异质性。以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 文献检索结果

根据检索策略进行初步检索,共获得文献1050篇。通过筛选,本研究最终纳入20篇[8-27]高质量相关文献。检索流程见图1。各研究基本特征见表1。

2.2 Meta分析结果

与非输血组比较,ABT可显著降低胃癌手术患者5年生存率(OR = 0.47,95%CI:0.39~0.56),提高肿瘤复发率(OR = 2.09,95%CI:1.35~3.25)及术后并发症发生率(OR = 2.40,95%CI:1.81~3.19),差异均有统计学意义(均P < 0.05)。见图2~4。

2.3 发表偏倚

以本研究3项观察指标绘制漏斗图,见图5。漏斗图分布趋势不明显,但分布对称,提示存在一定程度发表偏倚。见表2。

2.4 敏感性分析

通过分别剔除每一项研究进行敏感性分析,发现结果与删除前一致,提示本评价结果稳定。

3 讨论

Meta分析结果显示,在接受过根治性手术的胃癌患者中,围术期ABT与预后不良显著相关,包括5年生存率降低,肿瘤复发率和术后并发症发生率升高。但meta分析仍然存在一些局限性。这些试验中未提及麻醉和镇痛的方法及药物,可能在某种程度上有所不同。虽然经Egger法检测各研究的发表偏倚情况不明显,但依旧存在一定程度的发表偏倚情况。因此关于围术期ABT对胃癌手术患者预后影响的研究,还需要更多临床试验作为依据,综合分析。

在对外科患者的第1次前瞻性分析中报道,对红细胞进行更为谨慎地处理、调整以及严格把控输血触发因素,不会增加发病率和死亡率。Dixon等[28]将红细胞输血率命名为肿瘤手术中被忽视的潜在质量参数。因此,研究ABT对胃癌手术患者预后的影响非常重要。

[参考文献]

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(收稿日期:2019-09-24  本文編辑:王晓晔)

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