基础力学课程体系改革的顶层设计、综合措施与宏微观实践

杨庆生 叶红玲 刘夏

摘  要：基础力学课程是工科大学生的技术基础课程，不仅是学生进行后续专业课程学习的基础，而且它自身的科学方法具有直接解决实际工程问题的能力，它在培养学生的工程能力和创新能力方面起着关键的作用。文章阐述了在新形势下基础力学课程体系的改革设计、实施方法和改革效果。构建了以反映课程本质的核心知识、满足专业要求的选配模块和体现教师特点的特色内容三层次组成的“有核心无边界”的知识体系和特色各异、规格不一的课程结构;提出了有用、能用、会用的“三用”教学理念和实际、实践、实验的“三实”教学原则;详细介绍了教学改革中的具体措施和实施方法。教学改革经验对于面向新工科建设的专业基础类课程改革具有一定的借鉴意义和参考价值。

关键词：基础力学;工程力学;课程改革;课程体系

中图分类号：G642        文献标志码：A         文章编号：2096-000X（2020）13-0109-05

Abstract： Fundamental mechanics course is the basic technical course for engineering students. It is the basis for students to learn the following professional courses， and its own scientific method has the ability to solve practical engineering problems directly. It plays a key role in cultivating students' engineering ability and innovation ability. This paper expounds the reform design， implementation method and reform effect of the curriculum system of fundamental mechanics under the new situation. We have constructed a "core and borderless" knowledge system which is composed of three levels： the core knowledge reflecting the essence of the course， the selecting and matching modules that meets the professional requirements， and the specific contents reflecting the characteristics of teachers， and a course structure with different features and specifications; we put forward the "Three U's" teaching idea of useful， usable and using knowledge and the "Three P's" teaching principle of possible， practical and experimental skills; and we introduced the concrete measures and implementing methods in teaching reform in detail. The experience of teaching reform has certain reference significance and value for the reform of specialized basic courses for new engineering construction.

Keywords： fundamental mechanics; engineering mechanics; course reform; course system

围绕质量提升内涵是高等教育教学改革最核心最紧迫的任务。教育理念的转变、人才培养模式的发展、教学体系的创新和教师教学能力的提升是促进教育教学改革的关键因素。基础力学作为许多工科专业的重要专业基础课，很多学者从教学内容、教学方法、实验教学等方面进行了有益的探索与实践[1-4]。当前，随着卓越工程师教育培养计划的实施和新工科建设的发展，在科学、人文、工程的交叉融合中，如何培养具有工程实践能力和创新能力的复合型综合性人才，对于基础力学课程建设提出了新的任务和要求。……