户外体育活动影响小学生视力健康的追踪干预研究

王思佳 李佑发 李爱华 魏高峡

摘    要：目的：探究增加戶外体育活动时长对小学生视力健康水平的影响。方法：采用实验法和问卷调查法，在北京市某校2～6年级各1个班选取实验对象，每个班随机抽取50%的学生作为干预组，另外50%的学生作为对照组，一共有257名小学生参与干预实验与调查，干预时长为9个月，其间每隔3个月对受试小学生进行一次视力检查和问卷调查，对干预组实施为期9个月的户外体育活动干预，一学年后对受试小学生视力健康状况及干预效果进行分析。结果：受试小学生裸眼远视力呈现下降趋势;在保证常规体育活动的基础上，每周增加6 h及以上时间的户外体育活动，可显著改善小学生视力;在坚持6个月及以上时间的户外体育活动的前提下，每周增加1 h的户外体育活动，受试小学生裸眼远视力可提高0.005。结论：受试小学生裸眼远视力随时间的推移呈现逐渐下降趋势;增加户外体育活动时长对受试小学生视力具有保护作用，户外体育活动时长与受试小学生视力健康水平之间存在因果关系。这为通过增加户外体育活动时长预防小学生视力不良提供了理论和实践依据。

关键词：户外;体育活动;小学生;视力健康;追踪干预

中图分类号：G 804.55          学科代码：040302           文献标识码：A

Abstract：Objective： To analyze the influence of increasing outdoor physical activity time on the vision health of primary school students. Method： In this study， experimental method and questionnaire method were used， and a total of 257 primary school students from a class of each grade of 2 to 6 in a school in Beijing were selected as subjects， among whom half of the students in each class served as the intervention group and the other half as the control group. The duration of the intervention was 9 months， during which the visual acuity examination and questionnaire survey were conducted for the primary school students every 3 months， and the intervention group was intervened with outdoor physical activities for 9 months . After one academic year， the current situation and development trend of primary school students’visual health are investigated， and the intervention effect of increasing outdoor physical activity time on the visual health of primary school students is explored. Results： the Uncorrected Distance Visual Acuity （UDVA） in subject primary school students shows a declining trend. On the basis of ensuring regular physical activity， an increase of 6 hours or more of outdoor physical activity per week can improve the visual health of primary school students significantly. In the context of keeping the habit of doing outdoor physical activity for 6 months or more， the uncorrected distance visual acuity of subject primary school students could be improved by 0.005 if an hour a week for outdoor physical activities is added. Conclusion： the UDVA in subject primary school students is severe. Increasing outdoor physical activity time could improve the vision health of primary school students shows a gradual decrease with the passage of time. There is a positive causal relationship between outdoor physical activity time and vision health among subject primary school students， which provides theoretical and practical support for the increase of outdoor physical activity time as a prevention and treatment program for visual impairment in primary schools.

Keywords：outdoor; physical activity; primary school student; visual health; experimental intervention study

近年来，我国儿童青少年视力不良发生率居高不下，且愈发呈现低龄化趋势。2018年发布的《中国义务教育质量监测报告》显示，我国四年级小学生视力不良检出率为36.5%、八年级学生视力不良检出率为65.3%[1]。……