轮滑冰球初学者运动素质与专项运动技能形成的相关性研究

张树林　刘远祥　邵承颖

關键词：运动素质;轮滑冰球;初学者;运动技能;相关性

中图分类号：G862.8  文献标识码：A  文章编号：1009-9840（2021）05-0044-08

Correlation between sports quality and formation of special skills for beginners of roller ice hockey

ZHANG Shulin， LIU Yuanxiang， SHAO Chengying

（1.Anhui Institute of Sport Science， Hefei 230001， Anhui， China; 2. Shandong Sport University， Jinan 250000， Shandong， China; 3. Shandong Institute of Sport Science， Jinan 250102， Shandong， China）

Abstract：Objective： Under the background of "ice and snow craze" and vigorous development of roller skating and ice hockey sport in China， in order to promote the formation of special sports skills for beginners of the sport， targeted selection of sports quality training， optimization of the structure of training plan for beginners in short and medium term， and provide relevant theoretical reference. Methods： By using the methods of literature review， expert interview， mathematical statistics and experiment， 38 freshmen and sophomores （m=25， f=13） of Anhui Xinhua University were selected as the experimental subjects to conduct 8-week training experiment of special sports skills， including 5 sports qualities—strength， speed， endurance， flexibility and agility， and 3 special skills—dribble， gliding and shooting. The experimental data were sorted out and the correlation analysis was made with SPSS25 statistical software. Results： For male beginners， strength quality and speed quality are significantly correlated with 1-minute dribble skill， while strength quality， agility quality and overall quality are significantly correlated with 75×2 glide skill; strength quality and overall quality are significantly correlated with 1-minute shooting skill， while strength quality， sensitivity quality and overall quality are significantly correlated with skill score; for women beginners， strength quality and speed quality are significantly correlated with 75×2 glide skill; and there is a significant correlation between overall quality and skill score. For both male and female beginners， there was no significant correlation between endurance quality （1500 m run） and flexibility quality （upright body flexion） and the formation of special skills. Conclusion： There are significant differences in the correlation between different sports qualities and the formation of special sports skills for beginners of roller skating and ice hockey sport. The general idea of optimizing the structure of the short-term training plan for beginners is to "focus on special skills supplemented by sports quality， highlight strength quality and give consideration to overall sports quality".

Key words：sports quality; roller ice hockey; beginner; motor skills; correlation

第24届冬季奥林匹克运动会（The XXIV Olympic Winter Games）即将在我国北京和张家口两地共同举办，轮滑冰球（Roller ice hockey）是冰雪运动中一项集体性项目，既能促进我国群众冰雪活动“南展西扩”，又能促进冰雪竞技运动“奥运争光”，具有良好的发展前景。介于种种原因，我国轮滑冰球项目竞技成绩不理想，发展水平不高。在“冰雪热”全国背景下，轮滑冰球项目在全国范围内迅速推广和发展，学习者、参与者越来越多，竞赛越来越多，各省市充分发挥举国体制优势，纷纷选拔和培训轮滑冰球专业人才，积极组建队伍，提高竞技水平。

对轮滑冰球初学者而言，专项运动技能训练是重中之重，是初学阶段的主要发展任务，其基础是否扎实，甚至关系到今后长远发展;在初学阶段，需要同步开展运动素质训练，主要目的是促进专项运动技能形成。此阶段，教练员对专项技能训练往往轻车熟路，但对选择哪些“关键”的（或核心的）运动素质进行同步训练，进而更好地促进专项运动技能的形成，往往模糊不清。训练实践中，教练员凭个人经验或模仿他人模式穿插安排运动素质训练，其目的性、针对性不强。因此，了解和掌握不同运动素质与专项运动技能形成的相关性是轮滑冰球初学阶段亟待解决的问题。经查阅相关文献资料发现，关于轮滑冰球科学训练方面的学术研究较少，关……