不同锻炼方式对大学生情绪稳定性和自信心水平的影响

黄志浩　刘瑞东

关键词：大学生;情绪稳定性;自信心水平;个人项目;集体项目

中图分类号：G804.8  文献标识码：A  文章编号：1009-9840（2021）05-0069-04

Effect of different types of exercise on emotional stability and confidence level of college students： Taking team sports vs. individual sports for example

HUANG Zhihao1， LIU Ruidong2

（1.Shengli College， China University of Petroleum， Dongying 257000， Shandong， China; 2. Tsinghua University， Beijing 100000， China）

Abstract：Objective： To explore the intervention effect of different types of physical exercise on the emotional stability and confidence level of college students. Methods： A total of 100 college students from Shengli College China University of Petroleum were intervened by individual sports （sprinting， distance running， aerobics） and team sports （basketball， football， volleyball） for 16 weeks. Before the experiment， every two weeks during the experiment and after the experiment， the Neuroticism Scale （N Scale） of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire （adult version） and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were used for evaluation. Results： 1） The emotional stability and confidence level of both the individual sports group and the team sports group were improved on average. 2） The degree of improvement of the emotional stability of the team sports group was better than that of the individual sports group， and the opposite is true in terms of the degree of improvement of confidence level. 3） The primary time effect of the intervention cycle was significant， and when the exercise time lasted for more than 12 weeks， optimal improvement in psychological benefits was reached and maintained. Conclusion： Physical exercise can effectively improve the emotional stability and confidence level of college students. Among the two types of exercise， team sports play a better role in improving the emotional stability while individual sports in improving the confidence level. Obvious psychological benefits only appear when the exercise cycle lasts for 12 weeks.

Key words： college students; emotional stability; confidence level; individual sports; team sports

世界卫生组织认为人的健康包含三个因素，即身体健康、心理健康和良好的社会适应能力。其中心理健康的重要性早已经被人们认识，当今社会，随着经济的快速发展，社会节奏的加快，人们面临着来自学习、工作、生活等各方面的压力，压抑、焦虑、抑郁这些消极情绪逐渐占据不少人的心理，各类心理问题频发，这不仅会影响人们的身体健康，还会给家庭和社会带来伤害，因此心理健康值得每个人重视。大学生作为中国现代化发展的重要储备力量，其心理素质的优劣已经越来越得到人们的重视。《教育部关于加强普通高等学校大学生心理健康教育工作的意见》中明确指出，大学生应具备良好的个性心理品质和自尊、自爱、自律、自强的优良品质，具有较高的心理调适能力。[1]

情绪稳定性是现代人格特质理论公认的重要特质之一，它既反映人的气质类型，又是心理健康的重要标志[2]。情绪稳定型的人其情绪强度低，情绪状态始终控制在一定限度内，不走极端;而情绪不稳定型的人其情绪强度大，情绪状态忽高忽低，喜怒无常，难以捉摸[3]。自信是个体对自己能力、品格和力量等的积极评分产生的信任，也是驱动人格结构的重要组成部分[4]。近年来，随着人们健康意识的增加，始于20世纪初期探索体育锻炼改善心理状况的研究再度受到人们的关注。……