缂毛编织挂毯的工艺特征与当代创作

摘要： 以文献查阅和实验操作为依据，通过研究缂毛文物遗存梳理其演变过程，根据实际案例分析缂毛挂毯的早期织造方式，总结传统缂织工艺所具有的独特艺术特点，并阐明现代编织挂毯与其之间的传承关系。从工具、材料、技法三个方面归纳缂毛织毯的典型加工方式，探讨现代设计与传统缂织工艺相结合的重要意义。以当代装饰风格与市场趋势为参考，分析运用其独特的显花原理所能发展出的多样化呈现手段。作为当代纤维艺术的重要组成部分，缂毛编织挂毯可运用的造型手段和表现方式不断丰富，未来在此领域的创新实践具有广阔的拓展空间。

关键词： 缂毛挂毯;编织;工艺;设计;纤维艺术

中图分类号： TS935.75

文献标志码： B

文章编号： 10017003（2021）01013706

引用页码： 011303

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7003.2021.01.020（篇序）

Technical characteristics and contemporary creation of Kemao knitted tapestry

XIA Xia

（College of Design， Xinjiang Arts University， Urumqi 830049， China）

Abstract：

Based on literature review and experiments， cultural relics of Kemao were sorted out and the evolution process was analyzed. Meanwhile， the early knitting method of Kemao tapestry was analyzed based on case study， and the unique artistic characteristics of traditional Kemao knitting process were summarized， and the inherent relationship between modern knitted tapestry and ancient knitted tapestry was clarified. Its typical processing way was mainly manifested in three aspects： tools， materials， and techniques. The great significance of combining modern design with traditional Kemao knitting process was discussed. By referring to the contemporary adornment style and market trends， the diversified presentation means developed from its unique knitting principle were analyzed. As an important part of the modern fiber art， the modeling means and expression methods available for Kemao knitted tapestry are continuously enriched， and there is an expansive space for innovation practice in this field in the future.

Key words：

Kemao tapestry; knit; craft; design; fiber art

緙毛是一种古老的编织工艺，曾被用来制作服装、配饰等生活用品，后来相关技术传入中原，启发了缂丝技术的产生。由于加工方式的限制，缂毛生产耗时较长，不适合用来织造需求量大的日常服饰，因此后期更多的是以纯观赏性的工艺品形式出现。相比精工细作的缂丝画，缂毛挂毯厚实粗犷，特色鲜明，在以硬质材料为主的室内装饰环境中能起到显著的调和作用，其编织技术易于推广，具有良好的开发潜力。纵观缂毛编织工艺的发展和演变过程，可以发现其具有分布地域广和存在时间长的特点，这在沿丝绸之路出土的古代实物中也有所体现。缂毛长期以来主要作……